Common Facts

⇒ Dynamite: It was discovered Alfred Nobel in 1863. It is prepared by absorption of raw dust with Nitroglycerine. In modern dynamite Sodium Nitrate is used in place of Nitro-glycerine.

⇒ Tri Nitro Toluene (TNT)

⇒ Tri Nitro Benzene (TNB)

⇒ Tri Nitro Phenol (TNP): It is also known as picric acid.

⇒ R.D.X is highly explosive known as plastisizer in which Aluminium powder is mixed to increase the temperature and the speed of fire.

⇒ Age of fossils and archeological excavation is determined by radioactive carbon (C¹⁴).

⇒ Diamond has maximum refractive index and due to total internal reflection. It has lustre.

⇒ Chloroform in sunlight forms poisonous gas ‘Phosgene’ (COCl₂).

⇒ To decrease the basicity of soil gypsum is used.

⇒ In the preparation of Talcom powder theophestal mineral is used.

⇒ Potassium chloride is most suitable for the removal of permanent hardness of water.

⇒ To avoid melting of ice gelatine is used.

⇒ When dry ice is heated it is directly converted into gas.

⇒ Saccharine is prepared from toluene.

⇒ Cream is a type of milk in which amount of fat is increased while amount of water decrease.

⇒ From one kilogram of honeybee 3500 calorie energy is produced.

⇒ N₂O is known as laughing gas.

⇒ Bones contain about 58% calcium phosphate.

⇒ Phosphine gas is used in voyage as Holmes signal.

⇒ Methyl isocyanate gas was released during Bhopal gas tragedy.

⇒ CO₂ contributes the maximum phenomenon of global warming.

⇒ Chlorine gas bleaches the colour of flower due to oxidation.

⇒ Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas.

⇒ Red phosphorus is used in match industry.

⇒ Urea contains 46% nitrogen.

⇒ In the electroplating of vessel NH₄Cl is used.

⇒ Power alcohol is prepared from mixing pure alcohol in benzene which is used as rocket fuel.

⇒ Artificial perfumes are prepared from Ethyl acetate.

⇒ Urea was the first organic compound synthesised in Laboratory.

⇒ Vinegar contains 10% acetic acid.

⇒ Acetylene is used for light production.

⇒ The hydrogen atoms present in acetylene molecule are acidic in nature.

⇒ Ferric chloride is used to stop bleeding.

⇒ Barium is responsible for green colour in fireworks.

⇒ Cesium is used in solar cells.

⇒ Yellow phosphorus is kept in water.

⇒ Sea weeds contains iodine.

⇒ During cooking maximum vitamin is lost.

⇒ For the preparation of silver mirror, glucose is used.

⇒ When cream is separated from milk, its density increases.

⇒ For artificial respiration mixture of oxygen and helium gas cylinder is used.

⇒ In cold places, to decrease the freezing point ethylene glycol is used.

⇒ Hydrogen peroxide is used for oil paintings.

⇒ Sodium is kept in kerosene oil.

⇒ The heaviest element is Osmium (Os).

⇒ The lightest element, least dense and most reductant is lithium (Li).

⇒ Flourine is the most oxidizing agent.

⇒ Silver is the best conductor of electricity.

⇒ Radon is the heaviest gas.

⇒ Polonium has the maximum number of isotopes.

⇒ Sulphuric acid is known as oil of vitriol.

⇒ Noble metals – Ag, Au, Pt, Ir, Hg; Pd, Rh, Ru, and Os.

⇒ When methyl alcohol (methanol) is taken even in minute quantities, it acts as poison and serves as a cause for blindness.

⇒ Glass makes a soluble silicate in hydrofloric acid (HF). This is the reason why hydrofluoric acid is not stored in glass containers.

⇒ The density of gold is higher than the density of mercury. So, gold drowns in mercury.

⇒ Bisphenol A is a chemical used for progress in food packaging matenal.

⇒ Xenon is also called stranger gas.

⇒ If soluble substance is added to a liquid, the surface tension of that liquid is increased.

⇒ Conversion of force nitrogen in atmosphere into nitrates is known as Nitrogen fixation.

⇒ Picric acid is an organic compound which is used as a reagent in Laboratory.

⇒ Bones are composed of 8% phosphorous.

⇒ Safety matches are made by using red phosphorous.

⇒ Ammonium chloride is used to electroplate utensils.

⇒ Benzene or Ether is dissolved in pure alcohol to form power alcohol, which is used as a fuel for aeroplanes.

⇒ Milk is an emulsion.

⇒ Platinum is also called ‘White Gold’.

⇒ The heaviest element known up till January 2015 has atoms number 118 (ununoctium).

⇒ Muddy water is treated with alum in purification process, it is termed as coagulation.

⇒ Peroxyacetyl nitrate (or peroxyacyl nitrate) is a secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog. If it is thermally unstable and decomposes into peroxy ethanyl redicals and nitrogen dioxide. It is a Lachrymatory substance.

⇒ Industries located in and around Agra produce pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These gases react with water vapour present in atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. This acids drop with rain, making the rain acidic. This is called acid rain. Acid rain corrodes the marble of the monument. The phenomenon is also called “marble cancer”.

Thus, Taj Mahal is suffering from marble cancer due to acidic rain which corrodes marble.

Manganese dioxide, which is black is used to remove the green colour from the glass.

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