JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 1 Protecting Ourselves from Disaster

04/14/202304/14/2023 Ajit kumar 118 Views 0 Comments

Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions

INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER

Survival Skills. Search and rescue as well as first aid are the survival skills.
Search and Rescue. The first and foremost life saving procedure is search as well as rescue of the victims from the site of disaster without wasting the time. It is a well planned activity performed by either an individual or group of specially trained professionals in search and rescue of casualities from adverse conditions to safety.
Local Community as Rescuers. Communities habituating in highly vulnerable areas manage quite well with disasters on the basis of their acumen, knowledge and manage search and rescue quite well.
Trained and Skilled Rescuers. When the disaster is beyond the capacity of the local community then a well planned search and rescue by professionals with the help of local administration is required.
Team Composition. Trained individuals, both male and female, having good physical status, emotionally balanced and willing to work in an emergency even at a very short notice could form a rescue team.
Objectives of Search and Rescue Team.
- Search the victims in debris and timely rescue to safety.
- To provide aid to the victims.
- Help administration
- To take necessary steps in rehabilitation and reconstruction etc.
Jobs of Leader of the Search and Rescue Team.
- To assess the disaster area and collect information on extent of damages.
- To find the safest approach to the disaster area.
- To take all precautions to safegaurd search and rescue team.
Jobs of Team Members of Search and Rescue Team.
- To stay cool and clean and be optimistic.
- To follow the commands of the team leader.
- Put on all safety equipments including helmet.
- Always work in pairs and support each other.
- Keep calling, listen to all possible sounds.
- Not to touch or pull blocked doors.
- Treat all wires and cables as live wires.
- Be careful in all your actions.
- Take maximum safety while removing debris.
- Quickly assess the condition of victim and immediately provide first aid.
- Cover the victims quickly and shift the victims to safe place.
- Boost the morale of the victim.
Equipments for Rescuer.
- Equipments for personal safety of Rescuer such as helmet, life jacket, gumboots, torch, whistle.
- Equipment for safety of victims such as ladders, ropes, pulley, small cutting tools, hammer, stretches, first aid kit, bamboo sticks, barrels, air filled tubes.
- Ultra modern search equipments such as bio radars, infrared cameras, life locaters, acoustic devices.
First Aid. Provision of initial care for the illness or injured and prevent further harm to the victim till medical help is received.
First Aid Objectives.
- To save life by maintaining vital functions such as Airway, Breathing and Circulation.
- To gain time to make victim reach hospital.
- To prevent victims’s condition from becoming bad to worse.
- To reassure morale support to victims.
What Causes Damage to the Buildings ? When an earthquake hits an area, its waves move in all the directions and shake the ground. Ground shaking generally decreases away from the epicentre. This shaking leads to rupturing of ground and develops cracks in buildings. If the magnitude and intensity of earthquake is high, the buildings will collapse which leads to injury and death of people.
How to Communicate During and After a Disaster ?
- First of all call 100 and 101 if you have a life threatening emergency.
- Keep all phone calls brief. Data based services line, texts and emails are less likely to experience network congestion. Use these services for nonemergency communications.
- Conserve your cell phone battery.
- Listen to local radio station for important news alerts.
- Tune into local TV for important news alerts.
Role of Community. The community is the most powerful institution in entire mechanism of disaster management. Its representatives or leaders elected can effectively prepare the community before disasters and manage the grave situation during as well as post disasters.
Role of Local and State Bodies. At the state level, State Disaster Management Authority headed by the Chief Minister has been constituted. This authority lays down policy and plans for disaster management in the state. It approves the state plan in accordance with the guidelines laid down by National Disaster Management Authority for implementation of state plan. In J & K all the districts have been directed to constitute District Disaster Management Committees. These committees are headed by the concerned district Development Commissioners.
Role of Local Authorities. These include PRIS, ULBS. The sarpanch is the head of village Disaster Management Committees.
- Its role is to repair the shelters and infrastructure.
- Rescue, relief and rehabilitation of affected people.
- Periodical mock drills to test the plan and to update the local community.
- Plan for construction of earthquake resistant buildings.
Role of State Authorities.
- To support physical and financial resources.
- To provide consultancy services for appropriate house design for rehabilitation of disaster victims.
- To provide technical advice for disaster resistant construction.
- To provide training for locals and volunteers.
Role of Individuals. Preparedness is the most important aspect of disaster management.
- The basic role of an individual is awareness, knowledge on first aid, rescue and evacuation.
- To aware people that how to use a fire extinguisher in case of fire disaster.
- Door to door campaigns.
- Use of loud speakers.
- To warn the people in times of an emergency.
- To contact the local emergency management office.
How are Plastic Bags Harmful to the Environment?
- It litters the landscape.
- It kills animals and aquatic life.
- It is non-biodegradable.
- It causes health hazards.
- It requires petroleum to produce plastic bags.
What Should be Done to Avoid Polythene ?
- Use of tote bags for carrying shopping goods.
- Use of jute bags for carrying goods.
- To educate the masses regarding minimizing the use of polythene.
- Use of wooden shopping baskets.
- Use of self made paper and cloth bags.
- Impose heavy fine on those who use the polythene.
- Ban on polythene by the government.
Disaster. A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
Disaster Management. It can be defined as the organisation and management of in resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
Rescue. Save from a dangerous or difficult situation.

J&K class 10th Social Science Protecting Ourselves from Disaster Textbook Questions and Answers

ACTIVITY

Make three different groups in your class A, B and C. Tell them to collect three types of waste from their home i.e. Food waste for group A, Cloth waste for group B and Polythene waste for group C. Tell these groups to dig up three landfills and bury these waste into them respectively. After a span of 10 days, examine the landfills and pen down the result so observed.

Ans. Do it yourself with the help of your class teacher.

Exercise:

Distribute a questionnaire to the students and evaluate it for how much have they understood regarding disaster management.

Sr No.	Question	Answer	Credits (A, B or C)	Suggestion
1.	In case an earthquake has struck, where will you hide to survive ?
2.	What will you do at the instance if you find someone lying unconscious after an incident of disaster ?
3.	What shall be your first aid help to a person who is bleeding profusely due to an injury ?
4.	How will you rescue the trapped people in a vehicle after a disaster?
5.	How will you communicate with your relatives and friends during and after a disaster ?
6.	How will you help a snake bitten person at first instance ?

Ans. (1) In case an earthquake has struck, first I shall try to go to open place. If time is short then I shall hide myself under the table or under the door cover.

Ans. (2) I shall do the following action at the instance if somebody is lying unconscious after an incident of disaster :

I shall prevent patient from getting injured due to fall by extending support.
I shall tilt the head of injured person backwards, clear mouth of saliva as this will clear the airway.
Further I shall raise the legs of that person from rest of his body. This will improve blood flow to vital organs like brain, heart and lungs.

Ans. (3) My first aid help to a person who is bleeding profusely due to an injury will be to ask the victim to lie down and elevation of the limb above heart and gentle compression reduces bleeding due to gravity. I shall give direct pressure, dressing on wound which will reduce bleeding till the victim is transported to the hospital. If there will be any embedded object like wood, iron rod or glass splinter, I will tie bandage around it. If I have a first aid box I will give tetanus toxoid injection at the earliest.

Ans. (4) I shall rescue the trapped people in a vehicle after a disaster by removing them out of the vehicle or by rendering medical aid as necessary.

Ans. (5) I shall communicate with my relatives and friends during and after a disaster through mobile phone. If there is non-emergency I shall communicate through data based services like texts and e-mails.

Ans. (6) I shall help a snake bitten person at first instance by reassuring him to stay calm and avoid movement of affected limb. Then I shall keep the bitten limb below the heart level and let the bitten site bleed for 30 seconds. After that I shall wash the affected area with soap and water and apply a gentle roller bandage two inches above the bite site on the limb.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. Write in details the role of Search and Rescue team during a disaster.

Ans. The first thing before taking part in a ‘Search and Rescue’ operation is to make sure that you do not put yourself also at risk by unnecessary exposing yourself to a hazard. If the Search and Rescue’ operation needs you to entire or go near a structure, you should first assess the stability of the structure. Uncontrolled movement on or around the structure could further destabilize. The structure, causing more damage to the people who might be already trapped beneath the debris, as well as causing damage to the rescuers.

Role of the Leader of Search and Rescue Team :

To assess the disaster area and collect information on extent of damage.
To find the safest approach to the disaster area.
To take all precautions to safegaurd search and rescue team.

Role of Team Members of Search and Rescue Team :

To stay cool and calm and be optimistic.
To follow the commands of the team leader.
Put on all safety equipments including helmet.
Always work in pairs and support each other.
Keep calling, listen to all possible sounds.
Not to touch or pull blocked doors.
Treat all wires and cables as live wires.
Be careful in all your actions.
Take maximum safety while removing debris.
Quickly assess the condition of victim and immediately provide first aid.
Cover the victims quickly and shift the victims to safe place.
Boost the morale of the victim.

Q. 2. What should be the approach to help a fire burnt patient ?

Ans. The given ahead measures should be taken to help a fire burnt patient :

Extinguishing flames on clothes by immediately pouring water is best practice because it also reduces the degree of burns.
If water is not available then wrap body with thick cloth.
Cover the burnt area with clean cloth.
Immediately remove the tight clothing and constrictive jewellery like rings, bangles before swelling and blisters.
Keep on giving plenty of fluids to drink till the patient reaches hospital. Oral Rehydration Solution should be added in water to compensate the mineral loss in burns. This also prevents loss to the kidneys.
In electric burn, first snap off electric power supply then give first aid to the patient.

Q. 3. Explain in detail the first, second and third degree of burns.

Ans. Degree of burns. Following are the degree of burns :

First Degree Burn (Jammu 2015). First degree burns are superficial burns involving top layer of the skin. Due to these burns skin appears red and is very painful.
Second Degree Burn. Second degree burns are partial thickness burns involving two layers named epidermis and dermis. Due to these burns the skin becomes red having blisters, very painful and the tissues are swollen and wet.
Third Degree Burn. Third degree burns are called full thickness burns and involve all the layers of skin along with deep structures like muscles, vessels and nerves. The burnt area is charred and looks brown and comparatively less painful.

Q. 4. What is Safe Construction Practice ?

Ans. Safe construction practice is that practice in which buildings are built earthquake resistant. However, preparedness and safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the extent of damage and loss. It is, therefore, necessary to have some elementary knowledge about construction and designing of disaster resistant buildings. Using these disaster resistant practices shall have an additional burden of only a few thousands of rupees, but will definitely not more precious than the life of our family members. There are certain steps which need to be taken into consideration at the stage of planning, designing and construction of the building to make it an earthquake resistant structure.

Soil testing is very important tool in safe construction of building.
The building should have a simple rectangular plan.
Long walls should be supported by reinforced concrete columns.
Large buildings having plans with shapes like T, U, L and X should preferably be separated into rectangular blocks by providing gaps in between.
Doors and windows should be small and centrally located.
Material strength and quality of construction should be good.
Seismic bands, plinth bands, linter bands and cave bands must be laid.
Vertical steel bar at each corner and T junction of walls.

Q. 5. What should be the role of community during a disaster ?

Ans. The Role of Community During a Disaster. The community is an institution in itself, emerging as the most powerful in entire mechanism of disaster management. During a disaster community should help in maintenance of essential services. To regularise the supply of food, water, medicines and other immediately needed material. Community should provide large buildings which can be used as shelters for the victims.

To Ensure Sanitation and Hygiene. To spread awareness on natural disasters and preventive action needed to minimize damage.

All the local and state bodies must be active during a disaster. Community representatives or leaders elected by the people themselves can serve as the nodal body for effective management during a disaster and grave situation of a disaster.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. What equipments should be carried by a rescuer ?

Ans. The given ahead three types of equipments should be carried by a rescuer :

Equipments for Personal Safety. These include helmet, life jacket, gumboots, torch and whistle.
Equipments for Safety of Victims. These include ladders, ropes, pully, small cutting tools, hammer, stretches, first-aid-kit, bamboo sticks, barrels and air-filled tubes.
Ultra Modern Search Equipments. These include infrared cameras, acoustic devices, bio-radars and life locators.

Q. 2. What is ABC formula in Disaster Management ?

Ans. ABC formula in disaster management is made for providing first-aid to the victims. To save life by maintaining vital functions ABC (Airway, Breathing and Circulation). During disaster, practicing ABC of life support helps victim’s condition from becoming bad to worse.

Q. 3. What should be the constituent of First-Aid Kit ?

Ans. The following should be the constituents of First-Aid Kit:

Adhesive bandages and sticking plasters
Moleskin for blister treatment
Dressings
Saline
Soap
Antiseptic wipes or sprays
Pocket mask
Plastic Tweezers
Disposable gloves
Medicines
Light weight box
Air way
Small towels
Oral Rehydration Solution
Antiseptic Solution, Povidine, Spirit.

Fill in the blanks

1. ……………. and ………… numbers should be dialled in case of emergency.

Ans. 100, 101

2. Sudden temporary loss of conscience because of temperature regulation system of the body is known as ……….. .

Ans. Unconsciousness

3. A kit containing some medicines, bandages, dressing etc. for immediate treatment is called as …………

Ans. First-Aid Kit

4. NDMA stands for ………. .

Ans. National Disaster Management Authority

5. Strengthening of old buildings is called as ………….. .

Ans. Retrofitting

6. NDRF stands for…………

Ans. National Disaster Response Force

7. SDRF stands for…………..

Ans.State Disaster Response Force

8. BRO Stands for …………..

Ans. Border Road Organisation

J&K class 10th Social Science Protecting Ourselves from Disaster Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. What are the main Survival Skills ?

Ans. Search and rescue are the main survival skills.

Q. 2. Which equipments are needed for the personal safety of rescuer ?

Ans. Helmet, life jacket, gumboots, torch and whistle.

Q. 3. What are the methods of artificial breathing ?

Ans. (i) Mouth to mouth breathing

(ii) Mouth to nose breathing

(iii) AMBU Bag breathing.

Q. 4. What is first degree burn ?

Ans. These are superficial burns involving top layer of skin. Skin appears red and very painful.

Q. 5. What is heat stroke?

Ans. Heat stroke is defined as sudden temporary loss of consciousness because the temperature regulating system of the body fails in hot and dry environment.

Q. 6. What is lintel band ?

Ans. It is a band provided at door/window lintel level on all load bearing internal, external, longitudinal and cross walls.

Q. 7. Name traditional forms of construction in Kashmir.

Ans. Dhajji dewari and Taq.

Q. 8. Define Dhajji dewari.

Ans. Dhajji dewari uses walls constructed by horizontal, vertical or diagonal timber, filled in with bricks or rubble and a soft earth and lime mortar.

Q. 9. How do plastic bags harm us ?

Ans. By polluting the environment, killing animals, aquatic life and using up the precious resources of the earth.

Q. 10. Name two legislations that have been framed to enforce a ban of polythene.

Ans. (i) Non Bio-degradable Material Act, 2007.

(ii) Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.

Q. 11. What is a first hand kit ?

Ans. It is a prepackaged kit containing the most frequently used Instruments, with brand names you trust, that students at physical therapy need for their clinical education and beyond.

Q. 12 What is second degree burn?

Ans. Second degree burns affects the epidermis and the dermis. They cause pain, redness, swelling and blistering.

Q. 13. What should be the role of NGO’ during a disaster ?

Ans. The role of the NGO’s during a disaster is to quick response and to try and save as many lives as can with the given funds.

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is the head of State Disaster Management Authority ?

(A) Governor

(B) Chief Minister

(D) Chief Secretary.

Ans. (B) Chief Minister.

2. Which of the following are the Ultra Modern Search Equipments ?

(A) Infrared cameras

(B) Acoustic Devices

(D) All of the above.

Ans. (D) All of the above.

3. Kashmir falls in which of the seismic zones ?

(A) I

(B) IV&V

(D) III.

Ans. (B) IV&V.

4. In which year devastating earthquake in Muzaffarabad took place ?

(A) Oct., 2005

(B) May, 2006

(D) January, 2004.

Ans. (A) Oct., 2005.

5. How many land area of our country is susceptible to damaging level of seismic hazard ?

(A) 60%

(B) 40%

(D) 20%.

Ans. (A) 60%.

Fill in the blanks

1. Snake have ……………. types of venoms.

Ans. Two

2. The ………… is the head of Village Disaster Management Committee.

Ans. Sarpanch

3. Plastic bags are …………… .

Ans. Non-biodegradable

4. About …………. billion plastic bags are used every year in the United States alone.

Ans. 100

5. The first and foremost life saving procedure is search as well as ……….. of the victim from the site of disaster.

Ans. Rescue

6. Strengthening of old buildings is called as ………….. .

Ans. Retrofitting

7. ………….. should be added in water to compensate the mineral loss in burns.

Ans. ORS

True or False

1. Give water to unconscious patient for his betterment.

Ans. False

2. BSL stands for Basic Life Support.

Ans. True

3. For unconscious patient, tilt head backwards as this will clear the airway.

Ans. True

4. The main role of the state is to support physical and financial resources.

Ans. True

5. Plastic bags are not harmful.

Ans. False

6. ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) should be added in water to compensate the mineral loss in burns.

Ans. True

7. All snakes are poisonous.

Ans. False

Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. What are burns ?

Ans. Burn is defined as damage to skin caused by direct contact with dry heat, fire flames, steam, hot liquids, hot metals, sunlight, electricity or chemical, radiological and nuclear material.

Q. 2. What should be done at the time of dog bite ?

Ans. Wash saliva immediately and wash the wound with the soap and water. Cover the wound with dry sterile dressing. Seek medical help or shift the victim immediately to the hospital. Victim must receive tetanus toxoid at the earliest. Keep watch on the dog and if dog becomes rabid then communicate the attending doctor.

Q. 3. Explain Seismic bands.

Ans. Seismic bands are constructed using either reinforced concrete or timber, proper placement and continuity of bands is must. These bands act like a ring or belt. Seismic bands can be provided at plinth, lintel or earth levels.

Q. 4. How to communicate during and after a disaster ?

Ans. Following are the main ways to communication :

(i) Communicaton through radios

(ii) Communication through fire and screen

(iii) Communication through mirrors

(iv) Noise Maker

(v) Marking instruments.

Q. 5. What should be done to avoide polythene ?

Ans. Following are the main points:

(i) Avoid buying items packaged in plastic

(ii) Use cloth shopping bags

(iii) Skip bottled water

(iv) Increase the use of Jute, Paper, Cloth, glass, material.

Q. 6. What is the role of NGO’s in disaster management ?

Ans. The role of the NGO’s during disaster is to have quick response and to try and save as many lives as it can with the given funds.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. How are plastic bags harmful to the environment?

Ans. Plastic bags are convenient and easy to use, right from a vegetable vendor, to a book seller, to a toy store, to a garment store. But most of us are unaware about the environmental degradation that will take place in future due to use of plastic bags. These plastic bags are harmful to the environment in the following ways :

It Litters the Landscape. Most of the plastic bags go into landfills after use. Once they become litter, plastic bags find their way into water ways, parks, beaches, streets and thereby ending up littering the environment.
It kills Animals and Aquatic Life. Many animals ingest plastic bags, mistaking them for food and therefore die.
It is Non-biodegradable. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. So, we have to save the environment for the future generation of human as well as animals by not using plastic bags.
It Causes Health Hazards. Chemicals used in the processing of plastic bags can cause diseases like cancer, degeneration of brain tissues, heart enlargement etc.
It requires Petroleum to Produce Plastic Bags. Petroleum is non-renewable and an expensive resource. This precious resource should not be wasted on producing plastic bags which is a curse for environment.

Q. 2. Explain the jobs of Rescue Team.

Ans. Jobs of Rescue Team :

Jobs of Leader of the Search and Rescue Team :
- To assess the disaster area and collect information on extent of damage.
- To find the safest approach to the disaster area.
- To take all precautions to safeguard search and rescue team.
Jobs of Team Members of Search and Rescue Team :
- To stay cool and calm and be optimistic.
- To follow the commands of the team leader.
- Put on all safety equipments including helmet.
- Always work in pairs and support each other.
- Keep calling, listen to all possible sounds.
- Not to touch or pull blocked doors.
- Treat all wires and cables as live wires.
- Be careful in all your actions.
- Take maximum safety while removing debris.
- Quickly assess the condition of victim and immediately provide first-aid.
- Cover the victims quickly and shift the victims to safe place.
- Boost the morale of the victim.

Q. 3. What are the objectives of a search and rescue team during disaster ?

Ans. The main objectives of a search and rescue team are to:

Search the victims and give timely rescue.
Provide first aid services to the trapped survivors and to dispatch them for medical care.
Take immediate necessary actions, as for temporary support and protection to endangered collapsed buildings to structures.
Boost the morale of the victim.

Q. 4. Define first aid.

What do you mean by first Aid ?

Ans. First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and promote recovery.

Q. 5. What are search and rescue skills?

Ans. Search and rescue skills include the provisions of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger. The general field of search and rescue includes many speciality subfield, typically determined by the type of terrain the search is conducted over.

Q. 6. What is mechanical defibrillation ?

Ans. It is a medical technique used to counter the onset of ventricular fibrillation, a common cause of cardiac arrest, and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, which sometimes precedes ventricular fibrillation but can be just as dangerous on its own.

Q. 7. What are the do’s and don’t in the case of snake bite ?

How will you help a snake bitten person at first instance ?

Ans. Do’s in the case of snake bite :

Keep the victim calm, restrict movement.
Assure the victim and do not tell him panic. When under panic, it will enhance heart rate and would circulate the venom faster in the body.
Remove any rings or constricting items; the affected area may swell.
Stop lymphatic spread of venom bandage firmly, splint and immobilise. The limb, which has been affected by the bite, should be immobilized with splint.
A snake bite victim is under tremendous psychological stress.

Don’t in the case of snake bite :

No ice or any other type of cooling action on the bite, research has shown it to be potentially harmful.
No electric cable, string or rubber tourniquets to be used, this cuts off blood flow completely and may result in amputation of the affected limb.
No electric shock, this method is under study and has yet to be proven effective. It could harm the victim.

Q. 8. What are the do’s and don’t in the case of dog bite ?

Ans. Do’s in the case of dog bite :

The first thing that any dog bite victim should do is to get medical attention.
Wash saliva immediately and wash the wound with soap and water.
Cover the wound with dry sterile dressing.
Victim must receive tetanus toxoid at the earliest.

Don’t in the case of dog bite :

Don’t come in contact with saliva while handling the victim.
Don’t ignore a dog bite. Always seek medical help and receive necessary vaccination.

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JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 1 Protecting Ourselves from Disaster