JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 2 Road Safety Education

JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 2 Road Safety Education

JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 2 Road Safety Education

Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions

INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER

• Road Network. India has the second largest road network after U.S.A.
• Vital Contribution. Road transportation of India makes a vital contribution to the country economy and prosperity of the country.
• Facilities for Road Users. The facilities for the road users are not up to the mark, leading to a high toll of the death victims.
• Road Safety Education. Recently, there is a growing concern over the road accident problem making road safety education mandatory for each and every citizen of the country. Road safety is emerging as a major social concern in the country.
• Road Accidents. In India every year 5 Lakh road accidents are reported in which 1.5 lakh people lose their lives.
• Reasons for children Road Accidents.
  • Children are often absorbed in their own immediate interest.
  • They lack experience
  • curiosity or a spirit of adventure may lead child into danger.
  • Boys are particularly prone to showing off and overreaching their abilities especially among friends.
  • Inadequate supervision by parents.
  • Poor powers of perception, concentration, attention and physical control.
  • Lack of awareness on understanding of traffic signals and traffic rules.
• How Accidents Are Caused?
  • Speeding while driving
  • Rackless driving
  • Use of mobile phones while driving
  • Distracted driving
  • Sleeping while driving
  • Rubber necking
  • Defective automobiles and automobile parts
  • Defect on roadway construction
  • Poor weather conditions.
• Who can Avoid Road Accidents ?
  • Traffic police
  • People representatives
  • Civil society
  • Policy formulators
  • Teachers
  • Drivers.
• 9. Road Safety Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Bill, 2016: Govt. of India has approved the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Bill, 2016 to improve road safety scenario in the country. The bill seeks to amend Motor Vehicles Act (MVA) 1988 and proposes to immense penalities against violations of road safety rules as a prevention measure.
• Traffic Authority in India. The transport department is one of the largest revenue earning departments dealing with various transport related matters ; like driving licenses, registration of motor vehicles, grant and renewal of permits and other regulatory and enforcement services. Transport department works with two of the traffic authorities, under section 68 of the Motor Vehicles Act 1988-(1) State Transport Authority (2) Regional Transport Authority.
• Enforcement Agencies. Enforcement wing of the transport department
  • traffic police.
• Traffic offences and penalities in India. The Indian road rules, titled “Rules of the Road Regulations” were brought into effect since July, 1989. These rules are applicable to the Indian drivers while on the road to ensure an orderly traffic and ai safer journey. Violation of these rules is a punishable transgression as per the city specific traffic police rules and the Motor Vehicle Act.”
• 4 Es Need to Be Followed to Prevent Accidents.
  Road accidents can be prevented in four main ways.
  • Engineering – by altering the environment
  • Execution – by imposing laws
  • Encouragement – by the use of publicity campaigns
  • Edification – by gaining and using knowledge.

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

Road Safety Week

• Road safety leaflets including roses, chocolates and flowers are distributed to the travellers on the road.
• Commuters are explained about the methods and necessities of the road safety means they must understand the use of helmets or seat belts while driving on the road or anywhere.
• Various painting and drawing competitions, road safety announcements, exhibitions, road rules test, girls scooter rally to encourage the use of helmets, debates on road safety at the All India Radio, workshops, seminars and etc activities are organized.
• Free medical check up camps and driving training workshops are organized for the drivers to encourage them towards the road safety.
• Road safety quiz competitions are also organized to promote people about road safety.
• Traffic safety games including card games, puzzles, board games and etc are organized to educate school children about road safety.

1. Road Safety Week Themes

• The theme for road safety week 2017 is “Your safety, secures your family-Be cautious on Roads”.
• Children of Samba district in J&K organized a campaign on the road safety week to achieve the following objectives:
• The aim of celebrating the campaign-road safety week- is to promote the road safety measures in the community, schools, colleges, work places, on roads and etc.
• The decrease and completely remove out the road accidents, road accident death and welcom injury cases by applying the road safety measures.
• To encourage all the travellers to follow the traffic rules and wear helmets and seat belts while driving.
• To implement the new preventative measures which are proved to lessen the risk of road accidents, death or injury.

Fill in the Blanks

True or False

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Speeding while driving and reckless driving-failing to follow the speed limit is the most common cause of traffic accidents.
2. Use of mobile phone-The proliferation of mobile phone use has resulted in an increased level of danger on our roads.
3. Other forms of distracted driving-There are numerous types of distracted driving.
4. Some of the most common distractions resulting in high incidents of traffic accident include eating, smoking, listening to loud music, looking or talking with other passengers.
5. Driving Fatigue – falling asleep in the wheel. Drowsy drivers account for 100,000 accidents every year in United States.
6. Drunken Driving and Driving while under the influence of a narcotic substance.
7. Rubber – Necking – Rubber Nacking is another type of distracted driving and takes place when drivers look other things in the road like watching other accidents, looking at sunset etc.
8. Defective Automobile and Automobile parts.
9. Defect on Roadway construction.
10. Poor weather conditions.

1. Traffic Police. They need to persuade safe behaviour among people by applying the law.
2. People representatives. They need to know about the problems and how to resolve them by passing the laws and ensuring implementation.
3. Civil Society. They need to be involved in initiating and supporting local action to improve road safety.
4. Policy formulators. They need to be aware of the problems and implement solutions through policy king and policy implementation departmental and ministerial level.
5. Teachers. They need to receive in-service training in Road Safety Euducation in order to give planned educational opportunities to their students.
6. Drivers. They need to be made aware of children’s limitations in traffic.

E: Engineering

E: Execution

E: Encouragement

E: Edification

1. Respect for traffic rules/regulations and signs/symbols. A road user should have a will to be safe and let others travel safely on roads. It can be possible only if one is ready to respect traffic rules and regulations. The person should look at road signs and symbols and follow them religiously.
2. Sharing space with others. A road user should keep in mind that he is not alone on a road. It is a public space which is to be shared with other users. He should be ready to yield space to others on a road.
3. Care and Concern for others. As a driver or a sitting passenger you should keep in mind that road is not a place to show anger. A road user should care and feel concerned about other persons and vehicles travelling on the road. Prevention of injury and accident should be a major concern for a road user.
4. Maintaining cool in adverse situations. A driver is a social person, always burdened with problems at home or office. But while driving he should maintain his cool and keep these problems aside. Keeping yourself fresh and cool will help in road safety for you and others.
5. Be prepared for any kind of eventuality. While driving you should be ready to tackle any kind of eventuality. A stray dog or cow may come before your vehicle, a cyclist or scootrist may turn all of a sudden to your side, a bus driver may be overtaking at a wrong place and at a high speed, the vehicle behind you may be honking endlessly without reason, the vehicle ahead of you might make a sudden stop without any indication etc. As a good road user, you should judge the situation correctly and act accordingly in a swift and cool manner.

1. DO always wear your seat belt.
2. DO keep children in tested and approved car seats, no matter how much they beg or plead to get out. If you need, take frequent breaks so that little ones can stretch their legs.
3. DO review the official rules of the road for your jurisdiction periodically, and follow them always.
4. DO follow the speed limits.
5. DO pay attention when you are driving, even if you are familiar with the area. A surprising number of accidents happen only blocks from home !
6. DO be courteous towards other drivers.
7. DO give pedestrains the right-of-way in crosswalks.
8. DO make room for bicycles.
9. DO pay for your parking tickets or traffic tickets on time, unless you plan to contest them.
10. DO keep a winter survival kit in your car for bad weather conditions. A good survival kit should contain a cell phone, matches, flares, a working flashlight, food, water and blankets.
11. DO make sure that your spare tire is in your car and that you have a working jack.
12. DO make time for routine preventative maintenance on your car. Breakdowns can be dangerous and costly.
13. DO plan your route out in advance for long car trips and keep a map or atlas in the car in case you get lost.

1. DON’T drink and drive, and don’t get in a car with a driver who has been drinking or using drugs.
2. DON’T make assumptions about what other drivers are going to do. Just because someone has their turn signal on does not mean they are actually going to turn. They may be like the rest of us, and have forgotton that it is on!
3. DON’T assume that other cars know what you are doing, either. Make sure that you use your turn signals and give yourself, and the cars around you, plenty of room to maneuver.
4. DON’T tailgate other cars, pass on shoulders, fail to yield, run stoplights or stop signs (even if no one else seems to be around), or break any other rules of the road on purpose. If you act like you are above the law when you operate a car, you will sooner, rather than later, find out that you are not.
5. DON’T play your car stereo so loudly that you are disruptive to others, or so loudly that you are unable to hear train signals or emergency vehicle sirens.
6. DON’T talk on your cell phone and drive at the same time, If you need to make or answer a telephone call while you are driving, pull over at a safe place, use the phone, and then resume your journey.
7. DON’T engage in other activities, while driving, that distract your attention or reduce your reaction time. Eating, changing clothes, or putting on makeup while driving is dangerous. In some states, if you are caught doing these things while driving you can be cited for “driver inattention” and given a ticket.
8. DON’T treat a car like it is a toy. It is not. Don’t use your car to play chicken, race, or give another car a friendly “tap.”
9. DON’T let your emotions and frustrations get the best of you. Don’t engage in road rage, no matter how irritating another driver might be to you.
10. DON’T leave valuables in your car, especially in places where they can be seen, no matter where you are parked.

1. Classification of the causes of accidents and preventive action in terms of vehicle, driver and engineering factors.
2. List of safety features for vehicle design e.g. safety belt, air bags, collapsible steerings, braking performance etc.
3. Fitness certification and maintenance of vehicles.
4. Proper training and effective licensing for drivers.
5. Road design and geometric improvements to compensate for inadequacies of road users.
6. Warning signs for road users.
7. Accident black spot identification and rectification through road design.
8. Design of road junctions.
9. Design of roads in built up and residential areas etc.
10. Traffic guidance, road signs, speed limit posts, and other traffic control devices.
11. Road pavement markings, construction of footpaths/cycle tracks, bus bays, truck parking complexes and other wayside amenities etc.
12. Traffic education and campaign on traffic discipline, inclusion of traffic education in school curriculum, promotion of defensive driving etc.
13. Enforcement of maximum speed limits, and campaign on helmet use and seat belt use, curbing drunken driving etc.
14. Emergency medical service with emphasis on saving the lives of victims etc.

1. Wear bright or fluroscent clothes during daytime and at dusk.
2. At night wear white colour dress or clothes with reflective stripes.
3. Walk on a footpath.
4. If there is no footpath, walk on right side of the road so that you are able to see traffic coming towards you.
5. Use zebra crossing, foot overbridge or subway to cross road.
6. Always cross the road when vehicles are at a safe distance.

1. Bicycle should have proper brakes, bell, rear view mirror etc.
2. Both the front and back mudguards of bicycle should be painted white, should have reflectors or tape.
3. If bicycle track is available, never enter in the main road, Cycle on the extreme left side of the road if there is no separate track.
4. Bicycle at a safe distance from fast and heavy loaded vehicles.
5. Watch traffic from both sides and give proper indication before turning or crossing a road.
6. Do not hold on a fast moving vehicle.
7. Load on the bicycle should not be too heavy.
8. Move in a queue. Do not keep your bicycles parallel to each other.

1. Always wear a good quality BIS approved helmet.
2. Helmet is also necessary for pillion rider.
3. If the rider is wearing a turban, it should be tied properly. In some cases it has been seen that a loose turban falls on road before the person himself and is no guarantee of safety.
4. Check air in both the tyres.
5. During night check that both the front and back lights are functional.
6. Do not carry heavy load on a two-wheeler.
7. Do not enter the road from a blind corner.
8. Give proper hand indication or indicator before turning. After turning switch off the indicators.
9. Never allow a minor to ride.
10. Do not do stunts on road.
11. Never enter in the right lane if the road has a divider and more than two lanes.

While Travelling in a Bus

1. Never try to catch a running bus. Get up early and start from home well before time.
2. Never alight from a bus till it stops completely. Alight with your face towards front of the bus. Never jump from a halting bus with face towards back.
3. Never cross in front of the bus you have alighted.
4. Never put your head or arm outside a moving bus.
5. Buses have to reach their destination at time. To save time leave your seat before your stop and reach near the door.
6. Never stand in the steps of the bus.
7. Never shout or make a noise in the bus, it can distract the driver.
   Donot use your mobile while driving.

• Mandatory/Regulatory signs
• Cautionary signs
• Informatory signs.

1. Valid driving licence.
2. Registration Certificate of Vehicle. (RC)
3. Insurance certificate.
4. Pollution under control certificate.
   For commercial vehicles fitness certificate and permit are also required.

1. Unless it is not practicable to do so on account of mob fury or any other reason beyond his control, take all reasonable steps to secure medical attention for the injured person (by conveying him to the nearest medical practitioner or hospital, and it shall be the duty of every registered medical practitioner or the doctor on the duty in the hospital immediately to attend the injured person and render medical aid or treatment without waiting for any procedural formalities), unless the injured person or his guardian, in case he is a minor, desires otherwise;
2. Give on demand by a police officer any information required by him, or, if no police officer is present, report the circumstance of the occurrence, including the circumstances, if any, for not taking reasonable steps to secure medical attention as required under clause (a) at the nearest police station as soon as possible, and in any case within twenty-four hours of the occurrence;
3. Give the following information in writing to the insurer, who has issued the certificates of insurance, about the occurrence of the accident, namely:
   • Insurance policy number and period of its validity:
   • Date, time and place of accident;
   • Particulars of the persons injured or killed in the accident;
   • Name of the driver and the particulars of his driving licence.

1. Children are often absorbed in their own immediate interest.
2. They lack experience.
3. Curiosity or a spirit of adventure may lead child into danger.
4. Boys are particularly prone to showing off and overreaching their abilities especially among friends.
5. Poor powers of Perception, Concentration, Attention and Physical Control.
6. Lack of awareness and understanding of traffic signals and traffic rules.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Providing safe and smooth flow of traffic on roads.
2. Preventing road accidents.
3. Effective enforcement of traffic rules and regulations.
4. Inculcating a sense of discipline amongst road users and educating the general public including school children, on road safety.
5. Ensure smooth and secure traffic movement for special occasions and VIP movements with minimal inconvenience to public.

1. Rendering assistance to public in various stressful conditions such as prompt first aid to road accident victims.
2. Assisting and advising various agencies in coordinated development of infrastructure for safe and smooth flow of traffic.
3. Protection of environment by taking appropriate steps for prevention of noise and air pollution.
4. Encouraging participation and involvement of public in traffic management and regulation.
5. Imparting training in traffic parks to school children.
6. Promotion of road safety through mobile exhibition van, painting competitions, skit competitions, essay competitions, debates etc.
7. Granting of N.O.C. for speed breakers.
8. Installation of traffic signals/blinkers.
9. Issue of permissions to commercial vehicles to ply in “No Entry Zones”.
10. Issue of N.O.C. for “No Challan Due” etc.
11. Notification of Taxi Stands.
12. Smooth functioning of Pre-paid Taxi/TSR booths.

1. Before driving a vehicle a driver should be in good health and state of mind. To avoid road accident he should be confident, trained, patient and in good mood.
2. Keep left. In India, vehicles are driven on left side of the road. That is why we have steering wheel on right side of the four wheeled vehicles.
3. Drive in your lane. Whether marked in white or yellow or not, every road has lanes. If road is unmarked, mentally divide it in lanes, and drive in left lane. Do not drive in a weaving manner. In a traffic jam do not jump your lane.
4. Changing lane. If you wish to change lane, check through the rear view mirror and look to the right over your shoulder, if it is safe, give indicator or hand signal and then change your lane. After you have changed the lane or overtaken the vehicle ahead of you, stop the indicator and come back to your lane.
5. Turning. When you are to turn left or right, you should be in the correct lane well before reaching the intersection or point of turn. You should be in the lane closest to the direction in which you are to turn. Never change lanes all of a sudden on reaching your point of turn, it can be dangerous.
6. U-turn. First ensure that a U-turn is permitted. Then make sure that
   • the road is wide enough to turn.
   • there is no traffic coming from the other side and you have full visibility of road.
7. Speed. Speed of the vehicle should be such that allows you to stop in case of urgency. When the speed is high, a vehicle requires larger distance to stop and chances of an accident increase.
8. Overtaking. One of the major causes of accidents on roads is wrong overtaking. A driver should be very careful while overtaking. While doing so, follow the rules as :
   • Overtake from the right side.
   • Overtaking should be done only after checking that the vehicle ahead of you is ready to give you a pass and is not changing lane to the right.
   • Never follow a large vehicle in overtaking. It requires more space to enter back in the lane and you will be hit from the vehicle on your back or coming from opposite direction.
   • Do not overtake on a turn or area of poor visibility.
9. Right of Way. Take care that the following have right of way :
   • Children and disabled persons.
   • Vehicles on a major road.
   • On a hilly road, vehicles going uphill.
   • Emergency vehicles such as fire brigade, ambulance, police etc.
   • Pedestrians on a Zebra Crossing or unmanned intersections.
10. Seat belt. A seat belt can reduce the risk of serious injury or death by 50 percent in an accident. All cars, jeeps, trucks and buses are now have fitted seat belts for driver and copassenger on front seat. In case of a crash, seat belt saves the driver and co-passenger from banging in the dashboard. If accident happens from behind, the seat belt saves the neck from a sudden jerk.

1. Application on Prescribed Performa (Form No. 9)
2. Proof of Age. Xerox copy of birth certificate, passport or school certificate.
3. Residence Proof. A copy of ration card, Aadhar card, Passport, LIC policy, Electricity bill, Landline telephone bill etc. can be attached with the application form provided the copy has the name of the person which is applying for driving licence.
4. Four Passport size photographs, one to be fixed on application form.
5. Fee as applicable.

Conditions.

1. A person having learner’s driving licence must display ‘L’ sign in red colour at the front and backside of the vehicle on a white background.
2. A person having a valid regular driving license must accompany the driver having learner’s licence.
3. On a two wheeler double riding is banned in case of a person with learner’s driving license, except the instructor for training the learner.
4. Driving can be learned from any trained person or from a Driving School recognized by the authorities.

1. Two wheeler only.
2. Four-wheeler, car, jeep only. yoked
3. Light commercial vehicle.
4. Heavy commercial vehicle.

• Make sure you stay safe: keep off the road. If you need to stop approaching cars, signal to them from the pavement.
• If you are in a car and you come across an accident, first park safely and turn off the engine before you get out to help. Use a hazard triangle if necessary.
• Get help from bystanders.

• If it is safe to approach the injured person, do so, but don’t move them. Check for a response-talk to them and tap them gently.
• If there’s no response, shout for help.
  Check the injured persons’ airway; put your hand on their forehead and gently tilt their head back.
• Gently lift their chin with two fingers.
• Check if they’re breathing by listening and feeling for breath on your check. See if their chest is moving up and down.
• If they’re not breathing normally, you will need to start cardio pulmonary resuscitation.

• Severe bleeding can cause shock so it’s important to stop the blood if you can.
• Use a piece of clean cloth and press on the wound, raising the wound as you do so. Use a dressing if you have one.
• If the person is in the car and you can treat him there, do so. Do not move him unnecessarily.
• If they go into shock, loosen tight clothing and keep them warm. Lie them down and ease their legs. .

• where you are
• what has happened (describe the accident)
• how many people are injured
• whether they are breathing or bleeding.

1. Be a model road user. Learn the rules and follow them conscientiously even when nobody is watching. Don’t justify traffic violations by saying that you are sure that they are ‘safe’. Remember, you are inspiring others to violate law and they may do so under not so safe circumstances.
2. Educate others. Anybody you can influence, your family, your friends or your colleagues. The task of teaching the rules of road safety to a society is diverse and heterogeneous as it requires the dedicated support of enlightened citizens. You can use your special gift for art or music or theatre or technology for carrying the message of road safety to the millions who need to be educated.
3. Be active citizens. Your enthusiasm can force even the most lethargic of systems to move. Know the traffic problems and road safety issues of your locality, your office, your child’s school and so on. You must follow up on the construction of that round about or the installation of that traffic signal that is needed in your locality. Your enthusiasm shall ensure that no procedural bottle-necks hold up urgently needed engineering works.
4. Don’t expect the Government to do it all. The community has immense resources. It can definitely raise internal funds for minor interventions; like building a wall to close a dangerous illegal entry point or engaging private manpower to help in the regulation of parking in commercial areas or outside schools.
5. Always help the accident victim. The fear of false implication in the matter is totally irrational. You must be prepared to undertake the responsibility of taking the victim to a hospital and waiting for his family to appear. Remember-it could have been you.
6. Volunteer as Marshals. If you want to actively participate in traffic regulation and law enforcement join as a marshal or inform the police what you want to do and how they can help you with it.

1. The vehicle owners and other owners should be in good mental and physical health. The person who is driving should be trained and in good state of mind.
2. Keep left. In India vehicles are driven on the left side of the road. So the persons on the driving wheel should always keep his vehicle on the left side.
3. Drive in your lane. Road are marked with white or yellow lines. While driving one must keep his vehicle in the lane in which he is driving. For changing his lane, the driver should observe the rules for the purpose. This will avoid accidents. Even separate lanes have been marked for cyclists and two wheeler drivers.
4. Changing lane. Before changing the lane, the person at the wheel should ensure through rear view mirror and look to the right over his shoulder to ensure that the vehicle following him is at a proper distance. Use of hand or indicator is a must to give an indication to the follower driver. After the driver has changed his lane, he should come to his original lane.
5. Turning. If the driver wants to turn to the right or left he should be in his lane before the intersection or point of turn.
6. U-turn. Before taking U-turn, the driver must ensure whether the U-turn is permitted that area or not. He should also ensure that the adequate space is available for taking U-turn or not.
7. Speed. There are specific rules for the speed. These should be strictly adhered to and followed to avoid crashes/accidents.
8. Overtaking. Proper precautions should be taken before a driver wants to overtake a vehicle going in front of him. While overtaking the driver should overtake from the right side and never on the left side. While overtaking the driver should try to know about the type of the vehicle going in front of him.
9. Seat belt. The use of seat belt is obligatory not only for the driver but also for the person sitting on the front seat. The use of safety belt has been made compulsory for persons going in a car.
10. Right of way. The children and old persons, vehicle on major roads etc. have the right of way.
11. Parking of Vehicles. The vehicles should be parked at the spaces marked for the purpose and not anywhere and everywhere on the road.
12. Follow the road signals. This will help in avoiding accidents.
13. One way traffic. The concerned rules should be adhered to. This will avoid challan. The role of public and an individual is very important in preventing road accidents and crashes that result in the loss of human life on the roads. It is obligatory for all of us to adhere to and follow the road safety rules if we wish and want to plung our dependents/families into grief and sorrow.

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