JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar Change Of Narration
JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar Change Of Narration
JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar Change Of Narration
Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar
Jammu & Kashmir State Board class 9th English Grammar
J&K State Board class 9 English Grammar
We can report the words of a speaker in two ways :
(i) We may quote his actual words. This is called Direct Speech.
(ii) We may report what he said without quoting his exact words.
This is called Indirect (or Reported) Speech.
Direct. Rama said, “I am very busy now.’
Indirect. Rama said that he was very busy then.
Note the two parts of a sentence in the Direct Speech :
| Reporting Verb | Reported Speech |
| She said to me | “I am going home.” |
| My father said, | “It is time to work hard.” |
RULES FOR CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH INTO INDIRECT
When the reporting verb is in the Past Tense, the following rules are observed in changing Direct Speech into Indirect.
Rule 1.
All Present Tenses of the Direct Speech are changed into the corresponding Past Tenses.
Thus:
(a) A simple present becomes a simple past.
Direct. He said, “I am unwell.”
Indirect. He said (that) he was unwell.
(b) A present continuous becomes a past continuous.
Direct. He said, “My master is writing letters.”
Indirect. He said (that) his master was writing letters.
(c) A present perfect becomes a past perfect.
Direct. He said, “I have passed the examination.”
indirect. He said (that) he had passed the examination.
(d) The will of the Future Tense is changed into would. The shall of the Future Tense is changed into should or would; may is changed into might and can into could.
Direct. He said, “The man shall come.”
Indirect. He said that the man should come.
Direct. He said, “The man will come.”
Indirect. He said that the man would come.
Rule 2.
The Simple Past of the Direct is changed into the Past Perfect.
Direct. He said, “The horse died in the night.”
Indirect. He said that the horse had died in the night.
Rule 3.
If the reporting verb is in the Present Tense or in the Future Tense, the tenses of the Direct Speech do not change. For example, we may rewrite the examples in (a), (b) and (c) above, putting the reporting verb in the Present Tense thus :
He says he is unwell.
He says his master is writing letters.
He will say he has passed the examination.
Note :
There is one exception to the above rules :
If the Reported Speech relates to some universal or habitual fact, then the Present Simple in the Reported Speech is not changed into the corresponding Past, but remains exactly as it is :
Past Tense Present Tense
Direct. He said, “We cannot be quite happy in this life.”
Indirect. He said that we cannot be quite happy in this life.
Direct. He said, “The earth moves round the sun.”
Indirect. He said that the earth moves round the sun.
Pronouns of the First and Second Persons are changed to the Third.
Direct. He said, “I am unwell.” Indirect.
Direct. He said that he was unwell.
Indirect. The gentleman said to the beggar, “I know you.”
Direct. The gentleman told the beggar that he knew him.
Indirect. The man told the girl, “I know you and your father.”
EXAMPLES OF ASSERTIVE SENTENCES
Change the narration :
A. 1. The teacher says to me, “You are a good boy.”
2. He said to his friend, “I shall help you.”
3. He said to me, “I am your friend.”
4. I said to him, “You are my friend.”
5. You said to me, “He is my friend.”
6. The teacher said to the pupil, “You are late.”
7. The father said to his son, “You are not working regularly.”
8. He said to me, “I have received your letter.”
9. Vimal said to me, “I have been playing since morning.”
10. The father said to Ramesh, “I bought a new book for you.”
11. The peon said to me, “I was waiting for you.”
12. The patient said, “I am much better now.”
13. The father said to his son, “Your pen is lying here on this table.”
14. The teacher said to the boys, “Today is Monday.”
15. She says to me, “I am unwell.”
B. 1. He said to me, “The earth is round.”
2. The father said to his son, “The Muslims bury their dead.”
3. He said to me, “I have a friend in Shimla.”
4. The teacher said to the boy, “You can go home now.
5. The monitor said to the teacher, “Our class made a lot of noise yesterday “
6. I will say to my son, “I have no money in my pocket.”
7. The mother said to her son, “The earth moves round the sun.”
8. He said, “Handsome is that handsome does.”
9. The priest said, “God is omnipresent.”
10. I said to the children, “The sun is stationary.
11. The father said to his son, “Time is money.”
12. Mohan said to me, “My friend may not come.
13. He said to his friend, “The teacher has arrived in the class.
14. My friend said to me, “The police caught a thief yesterday.
15. The monitor said, “The students were wasting their time.”
Answers
A. 1. The teacher tells me that I am a good boy.
2. He told his friend that he would help him.
3. He told me that he was my friend.
4. I told him that he was my friend.
5. You told me that he was your friend.
6. The teacher told the pupil that he was late.
7. The father told his son that he was not working regularly.
8. He told me that he had received my letter.
9. Vimal told me that he had been playing since morning.
10. The father told Ramesh that he had bought a new book for him.
11. The peon told me that he had been waiting for me.
12. The patient said that he was much better then.
13. The father told his son that his pen was lying there on that table.
14. The teacher told the boys that that day was Monday.
15. She tells me that she is unwell.
B. 1.He told me that the earth is round.
2. The father told his son that the Muslims bury their dead.
3. He told me that he had a friend in Shimla.
4. The teacher told the boy that he could go home then.
5. The monitor told the teacher that their class had made a lot of noise the previous day.
6. I will tell my son that I have no money in my pocket.
7. The mother told her son that the earth moves round the sun.
8. He said that handsome is that handsome does.
9. The priest said that God is omnipresent.
10. I told the children that the sun is stationary.
11. The father told his son that time is money.
12. Mohan told me that his friend might not come.
13. He told his friend that the teacher had arrived in the class.
14. My friend told me that the police had caught a thief the previous day.
15. The monitor said that the students had been wasting their time.
EXAMPLES OF INTEROGATIVE SENTENCES
(Beginning with Helping Verbs)
Change the narration :
1. The father said to his son, “Are you working hard ?”
2. He said to me, “Will you lend me some money tomorrow ?”
3. The teacher said to them, “Do you do your homework daily ?”
4. Ramesh said to Rajesh, “Did you go to the market today ?”
5. The speaker said to the old man, “Were you present at my lecture yesterday ?”
6. He said to me, “Does your father take exercise every morning ?”
7. The girl said to me, “Do you know how to swim ?”
8. The boy said to the teacher, “Can I go out ?”
9. My sister said to me, “May I keep your pen ?”
10. The Headmaster said to the teacher, “Do I not deserve your respect ?”
11. The commander said to his men, “Are you ready for the final attack ?”
12. The doctor said to the patient, “Are you feeling well now ?”
13. The husband said to his wife, “Is tea ready ?”
14. The fox said to the crow, “Will you sing me a song ?”
15. The girl asked his brother if he would not help her in her studies.
Answers
1. The father asked his son if he was working hard.
2. He asked me if I would lend him some money the next day.
3. The teacher asked them if they did their homework daily.
4. Ramesh asked Rajesh if he had gone to the market that day.
5. The speaker asked the old man if he had been present at his lecture the previous day.
6. He asked me if my father took exercise every morning.
7. The girl asked me if I knew how to swim.
8. The boy asked the teacher if he could go out.
9. My sister asked me if she could keep my pen.
10. The Headmaster asked the teacher if he did not deserve his respect.
11. The commander asked his men if they were ready for the final attack.
12. The doctor asked the patient if he was feeling well then.
13. The husband asked his wife if tea was ready.
14. The fox asked the crow if he would sing him a song.
15. The girl said to her brother, “Will you not help me in my studies ?”
EXAMPLES OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
(Beginning with Question-words)
Change the narration :
1. The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you late today ?”
2. The master said to the servant, “Who is knocking at the door ?”
3. The Principal said to the boys, “Why are you shouting slogans ?”
4. He said to me, “How old are you ?”
5. My father said to me, “When did you reach school today ?”
6. The stranger said to the postman, “Who are you looking for ?”
7. The father said to his son, “Which of the ree toys do you like ?”
8. The policeman said to the passer-by, “Whence do you come and whither are you going ?”
9. The master of the house said to the stranger, “What are you searching for in my room ?”
10. The stranger said to the girl, “Why are you crying ?”
11. I said to my friend, “What have you been doing all these days ?”
12. I said to my son, “Who teaches you English ?”
13. He said to me, “Which of these roads leads to the city ?”
14. The doctor said to the patient, “How are you feeling now ?”
15. The Principal said to the boys, “Which of the without permission ?”
Answers
1. The teacher asked the boy why he was late that day.
2. the master asked the servant who was knocking at the door.
3. The Principal asked the boys why they were shouting slogans.
4. He asked me how old I was.
5. My father asked me when I had reached school that day.
6. The stranger asked the postman of the three toys he liked. was looking for.
7. The father asked his son which of
8. The policeman asked the passer-by whence he came and whither he was going..
9. The master of the house asked the stranger what he was searching for in his room.
10. The stranger asked the girl why she was crying.
11. I asked my friend what he had been doing all those days.
12. I asked my son who taught him English.
13. He asked me which of those roads led to the city.
14. The doctor asked the patient how he was feeling then.
15. The Principal asked the boys which of the boys had left the class without permission.
EXAMPLES OF EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
Change the narration :
1. The players said, “Hurrah ! We have won the match.”
2. My friend said, “Alas! My cousin has lost his mother.”
3. The captain said, “Bravo! My team has done well.”
4. The visitor said, What a lovely sigh t!”
5. He said, “What a pity! We have done badly in the competition.”
6. The old man said, “Alas! How foolish I have been.”
7. The poor man said, “Alas! I am ruined.”
8. She said, “What a lovely rose !”
9. My friend said, “What a pity! You did not come to my marriage.”
10. The old man said, “What a mess I have made of my whole life !”
11. Looking at the moonlit night, he exclaimed that it was a marvellous scene.
12. We applauded him saying that it was a good jump.
13. The stranger exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his all.
14. Looking at the mountain peaks, he exclaimed with wonder that it was a lovely scene.
15. The old man exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his eyesight.
Answers
1. The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
2. My friend exclaimed with sorrow that his cousin had lost his mother.
3. The captain applauded his team saying that they had done well.
4. The visitor exclaimed with wonder that the sight was very lovely.
5. He called it a great pity that they had fared badly in the competition.
6. The old man exclaimed with sorrow that he had been very foolish.
7. The poor man exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
8. She exclaimed with admiration that the rose was very lovely.
9. My friend regretted that I had not come to his marriage.
10. The old man regretted that he had made a big mess of his whole life.
11. Looking at the moonlit night, he said, “What a marvellous scene !”
12. We said to him, “What a good jump !”
13. The stranger said, “Alas! I have lost my all.”
14. Looking at the mountain peaks, he said, “What a lovely scene !”
15. The old man said, “Alas! I have lost my eyesight.”
EXAMPLES OF OPTATIVE SENTENCES
Change the narration :
1. The father said to the child, “May you do well in life !”
2. The mother said to her son, “May you win a scholarship !”
3. The old man said to the boy, “May you live long and be happy !”
4. The servant said to the master, “Good morning, sir.”
5. The visitor said to the married couple, “May God bestow the choicest of blessings on you !”
6. The old lady said to the young couple, “May God bless you with a child !”
7. The beggar said to the stranger, “May God reward you for your kindness shown to me !”
8. The father said to the son, “May you prosper in life !”
9. The speaker said, “May India progress by leaps and bounds !”
10. The teacher said to the students, “May you do well in the examination !”
11. The beggar prayed that the stranger might live long.
12. The Principal wished the students to win distinction in the examination.
13. The old man prayed that God might grant health and happiness to his son.
14. I prayed that God might grant my ailing friend good health.
15. The teacher prayed that India might progress day by day.
Answers
1. The father prayed that his child might do well in life.
2. The mother wished that her son might win a scholarship.
3. The old man wished that the boy might live long and be happy.
4. The servant respectfully wished his master good morning.
5. The visitor prayed that God might bestow the choicest of His blessings on the married couple.
6. The old lady prayed that God might bless the young couple with a child.
7. The beggar prayed that God might reward the stranger for his kindness shown to him.
8. The father prayed that his son might prosper in life.
9. The speaker wished that India might progress by leaps and bounds.
10. The teacher wished that the students might do well in the examination.
11. The beggar said to the stranger, “May you live long !”
12 The Principal said to the students, “May you win distinction in the examination!”
13. The old man said to his son, “May God grant you health and happiness !”
14. I said to my friend, “May God grant you good health !”
15. The teacher said, “May India progress day by day !”
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