Define the term valency. How valency is different from valence electrons? Find the valency of oxygen and fluorine.

Ans. Valency: The combining capacity of an atom of an element is known as its valency.

Difference from valence electrons : Valency is the combining capacity of an atom of an element but valence electrons are the number of electrons present in outermost energy level of an atom.

Valency of O and F: Atomic number of oxygen is 8 and its electronic configuration is 2, 6. It gains two electrons to complete its octet, so its valency is 2.

Atomic number of fluorine (F) is 9 and its electronic configuration is 2, 7. It can gain one electron to complete its octet, so its valency is 1.

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