Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen.

Ans. The combining capacity of an atom of an element is known as its valency. If the atom has 1 to 3 electrons in its valence shell, it donates them to other elements and form electropositive ions. However, if it has 4 to 8 valence electrons, then it accepts electrons from other elements and form electronegative ions.

Silicon has atomic number 14 and electronic configuration K L M

2, 8, 4

Silicon has valency: = 8-4=4

Oxygen has atomic number 16 and electronic configuration K L M

2, 8, 6

Oxygen has valency = 8 – 6 = 2

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