Explain the following:

(i) Why a boatman pushes the river bank backward with a long bamboo pole, on launching his boat into water?

(ii) Why does a boat tend to leave the shore, when passengers are alighting from it? How does boatman overcome the above difficulty?

(iii) Why does a gun recoil, when fired?

(iv) How do the rockets operate in space?

Ans. (i) While launching his boat in the water, the boatman pushes the river bank backward with a long pole. In accordance with Newton’s third law of motion, the bank applies a reaction force on the pole, thereby pushing the boat. Therefore, the boat moves in the forward direction.

(ii) The passengers push the boat in backward direction while alighting from it. As a result, the boat has a tendency to slip back into water. This difficulty is overcome by the boatman by tying the boat to some rigid support on the bank.

(iii) When a bullet is fired, a gun recoils in accordance with Newton’s third law because the gun powder which explodes pushes the bullet in the forward direction.

(iv) When the rocket is fired the burnt gases come out from the bottom of the rocket with tremendous force. This in turn applies a force on the rocket in the opposite direction in accordance with Newton’s third law of motion.

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