Explain with examples (i) Atomic number, (ii) Mass number, (iii) Isotopes and (iv) Isobars. Give any two uses of isotopes.
Q. Explain with examples (i) Atomic number, (ii) Mass number, (iii) Isotopes and (iv) Isobars. Give any two uses of isotopes.
Ans. (i) Atomic number: The total number of protons present within the nucleus of an atom is known as atomic number.
Example: Sodium atom has 11 protons in its nucleus, therefore, its atomic number is 11.
(ii) Mass number: The sum total of the masses of all the nucleons present in the nucleus of an atom, i.e., No. of Protons + No. of Neutrons is called its mass number.
Example: Sodium atom has 11protons and 12 neutrons in its nucleus, therefore, its mass number is (11+12) = 23.
(iii) Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that have same atomic number but different mass number.
Example: Hydrogen has three isotopes H,
12H, 13H in which atomic number is 1 for three of them, but mass numbers are 1, 2, 3.
(iv) Isobars: Atoms of different elements having same mass number but different atomic numbers.
Example: Calcium and argon atoms have same mass number 40, but different atomic numbers 20 and 18.
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