Gujarat Board Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 India: Water Resources

Gujarat Board Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 India: Water Resources

GSEB Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 India: Water Resources

→ Water is life.

→ No life can be imagined on the earth without water.

→ Man needs water for drinking, domestic uses and in industries.

→ Water is limited resource. No other resource can be used in its place. Water is an inseparable part of life.

→ There are three sources of water:

• Rain water
• Surface water
• Ground water.

→ Groundwater is utilized maximum for irrigation.

→ About 84% of water in India is useful for irrigation.

→ Water is being used for irrigation since ancient times.

→ In second century, the famous canal, Grand Anicut, was constructed across the river Kaveri.

→  In 1882, the Eastern Yamuna Canal was constructed in Uttar Pradesh.

→ There are three mediums of irrigation in India i.e.

• Wells and tubewells
• Canals
• Ponds.

→ A multi-purpose project means to solve various problems associated with river valleys. It includes
flood control, prevention of soil erosion, water for drinking and irrigation, industries, water provided to settlements, generation of electricity, internal water transportation, entertainment, wildlife protection and development of fishery etc.

→ The irrigated area in India has increased four times. Irrigation is practiced in about 38% of net sown area.

→ There is a vast difference between the total area under irrigation with the total area sown.

→ Water crisis refers to water shortage which is constantly intensified due to increasing demand for grains by increasing population, to grow cash crops, increasing urbanization and changing lifestyles of people.

→ The position of water supply and the inequality in the local distribution are challenges to human interests, livelihood and economic development.

→ There is a severe shortage of drinking water in about 8% towns in India.

→ About 2/3 of agricultural region still depend on rain water.

→ The groundwater level has gone down considerably due to more and more water is extracted through wells and tube wells.

→ The country is facing severe problems because some states extract groundwater in excess volume.

→ Besides agriculture, water is used in industries. Water pollution is basically due to discharged polluted water from domestic uses and industries.

→ The maintenance of water resources is known as water conservation. More construction of reservoirs for water storage, connecting two river basins and bringing the groundwater at higher level.

→ A river basin refers to an area wherein the water of a river, along with the water of its branches forms a watershed.

→ The water during the rainy season flows forward and finally meets the river.

→ The development of a watershed is an overall approach of development. It includes the programmes like soil conservation, water storage, tree plantation, horticulture, development of pasture land, renewal of collective resource.

→ Rainwater Harvesting: Special methods to collect the rain water and conserve it includes the construction of wells, small dams, khet talavadi (farm ponds), etc. Water is conserved through these mediums. This also raises the groundwater level. This may fulfil the requirements of domestic use and agriculture.

→ Following points should be considered for water management:

• Public awareness is must.
• If possible recycle the used water.
• Increase the use of all units of water harvesting structures like wells, tube wells, khet talavadi etc.
• Keep a close eye on the units those are using groundwater.
• Prevent the deteriotation of water storage units and repair the damaged pipelines immediately to prevent water pollution.
• Local people should be included with their due cooperation for the development and management of water resources. Thus, water should be utilized economically. Various methods are being implemented for water conservation.

→ Water is precious. We need to conserve every drop of water.

India: Water Resources Class 10 GSEB Important Terms

• Source of water: The form of water or its flow is known as source of water.

• Groundwater: The water that is obtained due to the process of water absorbed by the lower strata of the land is known as groundwater.

• Irrigation: The method to provide water to agricultural crop artificially is known as irrigation.

• Water resource: Water is such a resource which is directly associated with the entire living organisms.

• Multipurpose projects: It is a large scale hydro project often including dams for water retention, canals for irrigation, water processing and pipelines to supply water to cities and power generation. Multipurpose projects are planned on many rivers.

• Water crisis: In the efforts to obtain water by living organisms of biosphere through natural or man made resources, hindrance are created and a problem of water shortage arises. This is called water crisis.

• Water conservation: The maintenance of water resources is known as water conservation.

• Watershed regions: This is a new technique. A river basin is such an area wherein the water of river along with the water of its branches form as a watershed region.

Rain water harvesting: Special method to collect the rain and conserve them.

Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science India: Water Resources Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Which of the following statements is correct during discussion of students about water resources in a classroom.
(a) Raj: It is a second alternative of water resources.
(b) Yash: It is necessary to use water sparingly.
(c) Maitri: Water is an inseparable part of life.
(d) Anvi: Water is an unlimited resource.
Answer:
(b) Yash: It is necessary to use water sparingly.

Question 2.
Which of the following statements is correct for surface water?
(a) It is called the water on the earth’s surface.
(b) It is a main water resource.
(c) It is obtained through absorption,
(d) It is very useful for irrigation.
Answer:
(a) It is called the water on the earth’s surface.

Question 3.
Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) River Kaveri – Krishna raj sagar in 2nd century AD
(b) Uttar Pradesh – Eastern Yamuna Canal
(c) Grand Anicut Canal – Tamil Nadu
(d) Use of water since ancient – Irrigation times
Answer:
(a) River Kaveri – Krishna raj sagar in 2nd century AD

Question 4.
Arrange Indian rivers showing multi-purpose projects from South to North
(1) Satluj river
(2) Mahanadi
(3) Krishna river
(4) Kaveri river
(a) 4, 3, 2, 1
(b) 3, 4, 1, 2
(c) 4, 2, 3, 1
(d) 3, 1, 2,4
Answer:
(a) 4, 3, 2, 1

Question 5.
Select the correct option of river project arid its benefited states.
(a) Damodar River: Damodar Valley: Jharkhand, West Bengal
(b) Chambal river: Chambal Valley: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
(c) Krishna rivet: Mahisagar: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
(d) Kaveri river: Krishnaraj sagar: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
Answer:
(c) Krishna rivet: Mahisagar: Andhra Pradesh, Telangana

Question 6.
Which of the following is riot included in multipurpose projects of Gujarat?
(a) Dharoi dam: River Sabarmati
(b) Mokeshwar dam project: River Saraswati
(c) Kadana, Vanakbori: Mahisagar
(d) Ukaikakrapara: River Tapi
Answer:
(d) Ukaikakrapara: River Tapi

Question 7.
One is not included in intensive irrigation zone of the country?
(a) Coastal areas in Andhra Pradesh, delta regions of Godavari and Krishna river
(b) Kaveri delta in Tamil Nadu
(c) Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
(d) Mahanadi delta in Odisha
Answer:
(c) Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh

Question 8.
Which of the following statements is not appropriate for rainwater harvesting?
(a) To suffice the increasing demand of water.
(b) To develop wildlife conservation and internal water transportation.
(c) To improve quality of groundwater.
(d) To increase the capacity to collect groundwater and to raise the water level.
Answer:
(b) To develop wildlife conservation and internal water transportation.

II. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where is water mainly used in?
Answer:
Water is mainly used in drinking, domestic use and industries.

Question 2.
Why is water shortage being created?
Answer:
Water shortage is being created because of the rate and volume at which it is being used by increasing population and for development projects.

Question 3.
How much water is required to produce 1 kg of wheat?
Answer:
About 1500 litres of water is required to product 1 kg of wheat?

Question 4.
Which crops require more water?
Answer:
Crops like paddy, jute and sugarcane require more water.

Question 5.
Which river of Southern India have created delta regions?
Answer:
The river of Southern India like Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri have created delta regions.

Question 6.
Which programmes are included in watershed development?
Answer:
The programmes like soil and humidity conservation, water storage, tree plantation, forestation, horticulture development, pasture land development, renewal of collective resource.

III. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
‘If there is water, there is life.’ Give reason.
Answer:
Water is a natural as well as limited resource. No life on earth can be imagined without water. Entire biotic world uses water to sustain itself. We would die and the world population will exhaust if water is not available for drinking. Water hag no alternative and it is used in huge quantity for a very large number of activities. The prosperity of every nation depends on its agriculture and its produce depends on amount of water. Water is also required for, domestic uses and in industries. Owing to all these reasons we, can rightly say if there is water, there is life.

Question 2.
State the sources of water and define them.
Answer:
There are three sources of water. They are

1. Rainwater
2. Surface water
3. Groundwater.

Rainwater: Rain is the original and primary source of water on the earth. Rivers, lakes, streams, wells, etc. are all considered secondary sources. All these secondary sources exist due to rainfall.

Surface water: The water found on the surface of the earth in the form of rivers, lakes, ponds, sea, streams, etc. is called surface water.

Groundwater: It has an important place among the source of water. It is obtained due to the process of water absorbed by the lower strata of the land. The volume of groundwater is unlimited. Groundwater is utilised maximum for irrigation.

Question 3.
State the statistics of area under irrigation.
Answer:
Our 38% of net sown area is under irrigation. Out of the total sown area of Mizoram, only 7.3% area is under irrigation whereas in case of Punjab it is 90.8%. More than 40% area of the total area sown is under irrigation in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Manipur.

Question 4.
What is water conservation? State two remedies to conserve water.
Answer:
The maintenance of water resources is known as water conservation. Two remedies to conserve water are:

1. Construct more reservoirs for storing water.
2. Connect basins of rivers with each other to bring the groundwater at higher level.

Question 5.
A proper irrigation system is required in India. Give reason.
Answer:
Rain is the main source of water in India. But, the monsoon season of India is very short. Also rain is quite irregular and uncertain. Sometimes monsoon begins early and sometimes it comes late. Thus, the irregular monsoon season may harm and damage the crops. Therefore, a proper irrigation system is required in India for growing crops, and therefore, quality and productivity of crops can be increased.

IV. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note of irrigation and its sources in India.
Answer:
India is an agrarian country. About 84% of water in India is used for irrigation. Agriculture activities need a lot of water. For example, about 1500 litres of water is needed to produce 1 kg of wheat. Paddy, jute and sugarcane crops require more water.

In India, water is being used for irrigation since ancient times. To fulfil the irrigational needs, the famous Grand Anicut Canal in three ways was constructed across the river Kaveri in 2nd century. In 1882, the Eastern Yamuna Canal was constructed in Uttar Pradesh.

Sources of Irrigation: Basically India irrigates its land through in three ways. They are

1. Wells and tube wells
2. Canals and
3. Ponds.

Out of these, wells and tube wells come under the first source of irrigation. Canals and ponds come under the third source of water for irrigation. Wells and tube wells are quite common in alluvial plains. Canal irrigation is practised in the vast plains of Satluj, Ganga and Yamuna and also in the delta regions of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers in the southern plains.

Question 2.
Explain multi-purpose project name then name some of the important multi-purpose projects of India.
Answer:
A project to utilize water resources for various (multi) purposes like irrigation, hydropower generation, water supply for drinking and industrial purpose, flood control, navigation, etc. is called a multi-purpose project.

India is blessed with several rivers. Many large and small rivers flow in India. India’s physiography is such that many rivers meet the other rivers and moving ahead finally they merge with sea. This has made our water transportation extremely prosperous. Owing to the enumerable advantages that India gets from these rivers it has developed several multi-purpose projects on many rivers.

These multi-purpose projects help India to solve various problems associated with river valleys. These problems includes flood control, prevention of soil erosion, water for drinking and irrigation industries, water provided to settlements, electricity generation, internal water transportation, entertainment, wildlife protection, development of fishery, etc.

Bhakra Nangal, Kosi, Damodar Valley, Hirakud, Chambal valley, Nagaijunasagar, Krishnarajasagar, Tungabhadra, Sardar Sarovar, Kadana Vanakbor, Ukaipkarapara, Dharoi, etc are some of the important multi-purpose projects.

Question 3.
What is watershed development? Explain.
Answer:
Watershed development is a natural technique for water conservation. Watershed area is a basin of tributary rivers. Due to rain, the water flow through tributary river and meets the main river. The land area then drains the water of tributaries into a particular lake or river, which is called watershed.

Watershed development includes programmes like preservation of soil and humidity, water conservation, tree plantation, horticulture, development of pastures, collective water conservation, etc. Under this programme, the capacity of land and local requirements has to be taken care of. Local people should made to participate in this programme. The Central and the State Government have planned many schemes to conserve water in this format.

Question 4.
There would be an acute shortage of potable (drinking) water in future. Give reason.
Answer:
India is mainly dependent on rainfall for its water supply. Rainfall in India is irregular and uncertain. As a result, many, areas of India like Gujarat, Rajasthan, etc. face a lot of water shortage. Water crisis has also increased drastically due to over-population, agriculture of cash crops, increasing urbanization and high standard of living. Hence, the demand of water is more and the supply is less. A lot of water is used through wells and tube- wells. Therefore, the groundwater level is decreasing. Water qualify is degraded mainly due to release of dirty water from industrial and household works. Hence, due to these reasons, India faces water crisis and will face acute shortage in future.

V. Fill in the blanks

1. If ……………. exists, it is because of water.
2. …………… is obtained due to the process of water absorbed by lower strata of the land.
3. About …………….. of water in India is useful for irrigation.
4. In ……………. the famous canal, Grand Anicut was constructed across the river Kaveri.
5. In year …………….., the Eastern Yamuna canal was constructed
Answer:
1.environment
2. Groundwater
3. 84%
4. second century
5.1882

Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science India: Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following question in detail.

Question 1.
State the remedies to conserve the water.
Answer:
One should be use water economically for gardens, vehicles, in toilets and washbasins. Public awareness should be created for using water judiciously and managing water usage skillfully. Water should be recycled as much as possible.

Steps should be taken to save the reservoirs from getting polluted. Water harvesting should be increased with all possible resources like wells, tube-wells, khet talavadi, etc. A close eye is necessary on uses of groundwater in different regions. Water storage units such as tanks should be well maintained. Any damage in the pipeline should be immediately repaired. Co-operation of general public should be taken for the development and management of water resources of a region:

1. Construct more reservoirs for storing water.
2. Connect basins of rivers with each other to bring the groundwater at higher level.
3. Maximize watershed development.

Question 2.
Describe the circumstances creating water crisis in India.
Answer:
Water is an invaluable natural resource. Today, there is a severe crisis of water all over the world. Constant rise in population, demand to grow more food grains and cash crops for rising population, increasing urbanization, changing lifestyle industrialization, etc. are some of the major causes that has led to water crisis.

The current situation of water supply and the inequality, as well as inefficiency in its distribution, poses severe problems for livelihood of human beings and economic development. Water crisis is a very serious problem in arid regions of Western Rajasthan and the interior area of southern peninsular plateau. We need pure potable water for our survival. But, the quality of water has deteriorated at many places. This results in several water-borne diseases.

Although the government puts hard efforts to increases the facility of potable water, there exists a large difference between the demand of water and its supply. About 8% of Indian towns face severe shortage of drinking water. About 50% of our village still does not get pure drinking water. Same is the case for water crisis in irrigation. Although, we have made very good progress in our irrigational facilities as 2/3^rd area under agriculture still depends on rainwater.

Question 3.
Give Information about rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Rainwater harvesting is a technique for conservation of. water. It is done to increase the groundwater. For rainwater harvesting, special methods are used to collect rainwater in wells, small dams, ponds, khet talavadi (farm ponds), etc. This raises the groundwater level. This water is then used for domestic use and agriculture.

Main Objectives of rainwater harvesting:

1. To increase the capacity to conserve the groundwater and increase the underground water table.
2. Reduce water pollution.
3. Improve the quality of groundwater.
4. To save the land routes from waterlogging.
5. Fulfil the requirement of domestic water requirements during summer and during long diy spells.
6. Fulfil the increasing demand of water.
7. Make arrangement to store rainwater in underground tanks in multistorey residences in large cities or to make arrangement so that the water percolates in the ground.

II. Write to the point answer of the following questions.

Question 1.
State the importance of multi-purpose projects.
Answer:
Multi-purpose projects help India is solve various problems associated with river valleys. These problems includes flood control, prevention of soil erosion, water for drinking and irrigation, industries, water provided to settlements, electricity generation, internal water transportation, entertainment, wildlife projection, development of fishery, etc.

Question 2.
Write about the distribution of irrigation.
Answer:
After the Independence, India’s area under irrigation has increased four times. Coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, delta regions of Godavari and Krishna rivers, Mahanadi delta in Odisha, Kaveri delta in Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh, etc. are regions which are intensively irrigated. In India, the area under irrigation and irrigation facilities greatly vary from state to state. Today, about 38% of net sown area is under irrigation.

Out of the total sown area of Mizoram, only 7.34% area is under irrigation whereas in case of Punjab it is 90.8%. A vast difference lies between the total area under irrigation in respect to the total sown area sown. It is worth mentioning that more than 40% area of the total area sown in under irrigation in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Manipur.

III. Write answers for the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
State the uses of groundwater.
Answer:
The groundwater is used as potable water, for household works and in agriculture.

Question 2.
Which factors should be considered for water management?
Answer:
Following factors should be considered for water management:

1. One should use water economically for gardens, vehicles, in toilets and washbasins.
2. Public awareness should be created for using water judiciously and managing water usage skillfully.
3. Water should be recycled as much as possible.
4. Steps should be taken to save the reservoirs from getting polluted.
5. Water harvesting should be increased with all possible resources like wells, tube wells, khet talavadi, etc.
6. A close eye should be necessary on uses of groundwater in different regions.
7. Water storage units such as tanks should be well maintained.
8. Any damage in the pipeline should be immediately repaired.
9. Co-operation of general public should be taken for the development and management of water resources of a region.
10. Construct more reservoirs for storing water.
11. Connect basins of rivers with each other to bring the groundwater at higher level.
12. Maximize watershed development.

IV. Select the correct option from the options given for the following questions and write answer.

Question 1.
Which is the main source of surface water?
(a) Rainfall
(b) Ponds
(c) Rivers
(d) Lakes
Answer:
(a) Rainfall

Question 2.
Which of the following statements in not true?
(a) Compared to canals, the irrigation through wells and tube wells is more in India.
(b) Himalaya rivers are called seasonal rivers.
(c) Water which is soaked from the surface into the ground in called groundwater.
(d) Punjab and Haryana are leading states in irrigation.
Answer:
(b) Himalaya rivers are called seasonal rivers.

Question 3.
Which statement regarding ‘Khet Talavadi’ presented in the classroom during the student’s debate is true?
(a) Jay: It is an important source to obtain drinking water.
(b) Yash: It is an important part of ‘Grow more trees’ movement.
(c) Yug: It is modem technique to prevent soil erosion.
(d) Daksh: It is part of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
(d) Daksh: It is part of rainwater harvesting.

Question 4.
After arranging the following multipurpose projects from North to South which option seems to be correct?
(a) Chambal Valley, Bhakra Nangal, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar
(b) Bhakra Nangal, Nagarjunsagar Narmada Valley, Chambal Valley
(c) Nagaijunasagar, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar
(d) Bhakra Nangal, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar
Answer:
(d) Bhakra Nangal, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar

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