Gujarat Board Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Movement Towards Independence

Gujarat Board Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Movement Towards Independence

GSEB Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Movement Towards Independence

Movement Towards Independence Class 9 GSEB

→ The period from 1920-1947 is considered as Gandhian age and the Gandhian movements struggle for Independence.

→ It is the struggle for the Indian freedom too.

→ Government appointed Simon commission. The commission consisted of Sir John Simon and Seven other members. All of them were members of the British Parliament.

→ There was not a single Indian as a member.

→ Indian recommended inclusion of Indian members in the commission but Britishers rejected this recommendation.

→ So, the Indians decided to oppose it. The Assistant Police Suprintendent ordered lathi charge on Lalaji’s procession. He was injured seriously while taking the lead of the procession in Lahore.

→ Few months later he passed away. The news of Lalaji’s death instigated Veer Bhagat singh, Sukdev and Rajguru, therefore they killed Saunders.

→ Hindi Vazeer Burkenhead presented a draft of the Constitution as in Simon Commission in which, it stated that the Indian leaders of all parties formulate appropriate constitution which the British government will further think upon.

→ National General Assembly President drafted Nehru Report which states the Dominion status, independent judiciary, Fundamental rights, and Adult Suffrage.

→ Youth of India were not happy with the Dominion Status. On the banks of the river Raavi in Lahore, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, National General Assembly passed a resoultuion of Complete Independence.

→ After that, on 26th January, 1930, the members took the oath of complete independence.

→ Since then January 26th has become memorable for all of us.

→ Asa part of Civil Disobedience Movement, Gandhiji j decided to go to Dandi village by its sea- coast to break the Salt law.

→ On 12th March, 1930, under his leadership Gandhiji commenced Dandi Yatra with his supporters from Harijan Ashram.

→ This march was 370kms. On early morning of April 6th, Gandhiji broke the salt law by picking a handful of salt from the seacoast.

→ Shri Mahadevbhai Desai has compared this event as ‘Mahabhiniskraman -the great renunciation.

→ During Dandi March, numerous constructive programmes like boycott of foreign clothes, prohibition of liquor, removing untochability, Hindu-Muslim unity and oath to do social services etc were held.

→ The first round table conference was organized in London in 1930. It failed due to non participation of congress.

→ Gandhiji attended the Second Round Table Congerence as the sole nominee of the congress.

→ The Cripps Mission’s Proposals indicated that the British government did not want to give independence to India. Gandhiji asked people not to be disappointed and prepare for a final struggle.

→ Keeping in mind the World war situation the congress Working Committee decided to end the Individual Satyagrah.

→ On 8th August by the All India Congress Committee passed resolution for the Quit India
resolution.

→ Gandhiji declared that this is my final struggle for Independence and gave slogan ‘Do or Die’ to the people of India.

→ Gandhiji and other prominent leaders were arrested early morning on 9th August,1942. Newspapers were banned.

→ The rural and urban regions of the country including workers, farmers, youth, students, teachers, businessmen and women were in the Forefront of this movement.

→ The government attempt to-suppress the agitation was resisted by people. They resorted to violence and destruction.

→ Subhashchandra Bose was bom on 23rd January, 1897 at Cuttack-odisha.

→ He passed the Indian civil service examination.

→ He joined India’s freedom struggle in 1921 at a very early age, he was twice elected as the President of the Indian National Congress.

→ He left Congress and founded Forward Bloc after his differences with Gandhiji.

→ He was arrested under Indian Defence Code and imprisoned.

→ He managed to escape from the house arrest and reached Berlin-Germany.

→ There after he reached Japan by a submarine in 1943.

→ He went to Singapore on 2nd July, 1943 and took over the leadership of the Indian Independence League and the Indian National Army. He was fondly called ‘Netaji’.

→ He formed the Provisional Indian Government and appointed his council of ministers.

→ He gave the slogans: Chalo Delhi, and Turn muze khoondo mein tume Azadi doonga.

→ In May, 1944, under the leadership of Netaji, his military units captured Rangoon, Prom, Kohima. Then it marched towards Imphal.

→ After the dropping of two atom bombs at Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan, the financial assistance to the provisional government stopped.

→ British aircrafts started warfare against Azad Hind Fauj and so the condition became critical.

→ On August 18, 1945 he started from Taipei airport of Formosa for Tokyo (Japan).But his plane caught fire and he got serious bums and while undergoing treatment, he died.

→ On February 20, 1947 Attlee, the Prime Minister of Britain announced that the British Government shall give all the powers to the Government of India as per the Cabinet Mission formula and shall quit India by June 1948.

→ Mountbatten was appointed as Viceroy in place of Lord Waved. When he took charge of his post, communal riots had started in India, the condition of India had become pathetic.

→ The League pressurised the government for Pakistan, on 16″ August, 1946. So terrible communal riots and tumult spread all over India.

→ Looking at the situation in India ,sardar Patel, Jawarharlal Nehru and other congress leaders felt there was no other alternative except accept- ing the demand of Muslim League for Pakistan, because Muslim League and Jinnah insisted for separate Pakistan.

→ On March 24, Viceroy Mountbatten presented his scheme.

→ According to him, there was no altema- tive other than the Par- tition of India. National and prolific leaders like Sardar Patel under- stood the matter.

→ After many discus-sions and pondering, finally on June 3, 1947 Viceroy Mountbatten decided to plan the Freedom and Acceptamce of Partiton in Meeting partition of India.

→ This plan is known as Mountbatten Plan.

→ When Mountbatten Plan started getting implemented, the people of East Bengal and Sylhet province of Assam decided to join East Pakistan, West Bengal and East Bengal were affiliated with India as per decision of their assembly West Punjab joined with Pakistan. It was decided to affiliate Northwest Province, Sindh and Baluchistan with Pakistan.

→ The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act according to Mountbatten Plan.
According to this, India’s first Governor General was Mountbatten and Janab Jinnah was the Governor General of Pakistan. ‘

→ India becoming Independent and the immediate problems of it India and Pakistan, two separate, Independent nations, came into existence as a result of Mountbatten Plan and Indian Independence Act, 1947.

→ India solved the tremendous problem of rehabilitation and restoration very skilfully and patiently.

→ The then Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister SardarVallabhbhaiPatel merged about 562 small and big Princely States if India into ‘Indian Union’. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s strong determination, iron will and diplomatic negotiations solved the problems.

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Movement Towards Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions to the point:

Question 1.
‘Quit India Movement’ and the various incidents of the movement.
Answer:
(A) Quit India Movement:

1. When the world was fighting the Second World War, the Congress Working Committee decided to end the Individual Satyagraha in January, 1942.
2. The British Government needed help from India to fight the war. So it sent Cripps Mission to India for constitutional reforms that India wanted and to decide India independence.
3. However, the British again cheated Indians through Cripps Mission. Therefore, people of India totally lost their faith in the British.
4. Hence, to give a final fight to the British, Gandhiji under the working committee of Congress held at Mumbai, announced to start ‘Quit India Movement’ on 9th August, 1942.

1. On the very second day of his resolution, the British arrested Gandhiji, Vallabhabhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and other eminent Congress leaders.
2. The British also banned newspapers.
3. They arrested various regional and district level Congress leaders.
4. Arrest of Gandhiji and other leaders resulted in nationwide strike.
5. Gandhiji said “This is the last fight in my life and, therefore, people of India should make all attempt to achieve independence”. He gave the slogan “Do or Die”.

(B) Strikes during the Quit India Movement:

1. Workers went on strike in factories. Workers of iron factories in Jamshedpur and cotton mills at Madras also went on strike.
2. About 1 lakh mill workers of 75 cotton mill industries of Ahmedabad went on peaceful strike for 105 days.
3. Colleges and Schools also went on strike.
4. The markets of Ahmedabad remain closed for nearly three and half months.

(C) Harmful activities during Quit India Movement:

1. The British tried to suppress it violently and cruelly.
2. This ignited people’s anger and they reached violently. People ransacked and also destroyed post offices, telegram departments, police stations, railway stations, government buildings, school and college buildings, railway tracks, bridges and roads.
3. People also looted government assets and set on fire government properties.
4. The railway department incurred heaviest losses of all.
5. People also threw bombs in many areas.

(D) Failure of the government in crushing the struggle:

1. The government tried to suppress the movement.
2. It government imprisoned more than 70,000 people and fired 538 gunshots.
3. About 1028 people lost their lives and about 3200 were injured.
4. Students were injured in gunshots majority in Ahmedabad and Patna.
5. A unique political consciousness was created among people.
6. Through this movement, people gave a clear warning to the British Government and a message to the world that India cannot be kept under slavery.

Question 2.
Give a detail about the role of Azad Hind Fauj in achieving freedom for India.
Answer:

1. Subhash Chandra Bose organized the Indian National Army (INA) to carry on the struggle for Indian’s freedom from the British rule.
2. People gave Subhash Bose the title of ‘Netaji’.
3. Bose in his speeches and on ratio, gave slogans like ‘Chalo Delhi’ (Let’s march to Delhi) and “Turn Mujhe Khoon Do, Mein Tumhe Azadi Doonga’. (Give me blood, I will give you freedom).
4. In Singapore, Subhash Chandra Bose formed a provisional Indian government to free India and became its Prime Minister.
5. This government was recognized by countries of Japan, Germany, Italy, nationalized China and Burma.
6. Netaji visited Andaman and Nicobar Islands and renamed them as ‘Shaheed’ i.e., Martyr and ‘Swarajya’ i.e., Independence respectively.
7.  In May, 1944 Netaji’s military units captured Rangoon, Prom and Kohima.
8. Then it marched towards Imphal. ‘
9. Meanwhile, America dropped two bombs in Japanese cities Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This ruined Japan economically and so it stopped providing financial assistance to the provision government.
10. Also, British aircrafts started warfare against Azad Hind Fauj and so its condition became critical.

2. Write Short Notes on:

Question 1.
Simon Commission:
Answer:

1. Simon Commission came to India in November 1927. The Commission consisted of Sir John Simon and seven other members. All of them were members of the British Parliament.
2. Not a single India was included as a member in the Simon Commission.
3. Indians strongly believed that since the Commission was framed to bring reform, in the Indian political system, the British government must include Indian members in the Commission to understand the problems and pains of Indian society. However, the British rejected this recommendation.
4. Hence, Indians opposed the Simon Commission.

Question 2.
Demand for Complete Independence:
Answer:

1. Even Indian youths were not happy with the Dominion Status that the British wanted to give to India. So they also demanded complete Independence.
2. These youths met on the banks of the river Ravi in Lahore, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. There are National General Assembly passed a resolution for Complete Independence.
3. On 26th January 1930, the members took the oath of complete Independence and for the first time.
4. Since then, 26 January has become important. (Independent India has made the Republic Day (26 January) memorable by implementing the Indian Constitution on this day.

Question 3.
Dandi March
Answer:

1. Mahatma Gandhiji was given the responsibility to start the Civil Disobedience Movement.
2. Gandhiji made a plan to begin civil disobedience by starting a Satyagraha to protest the Salt Tax laid by the British. Hence, he decided to go to Dandi village and break the Salt Law.
3. The message of Gandhiji’s Satyagraha was delivered to people on the evening of 11th March 1930 in the assembly of about 1000 people.
4. It was also announced that even if the British arrest the satyagraha is, they should firmly maintain non-violence against the government.
5. On 12th March, 1930, Gandhiji along with 78 satyagrahis set-off for Dandi Yatra from
   Ahmedabad Harijan Ashram (Sabarmati Ashram).
6. This march was 370 km long. It passed from places such as Aslali, Bareja, Nadiad, Anand, Boriavi, Ras, Jambusar, Bharuch, Surat, Navsari as well as several other small and large ragions.
7. Gandhiji and other satyagrahis explained people the reason for Civil Disobedience Movement and breaking the Salt Law.
8. Dandi Yatra created a wonderful effect in creating astonishing faith, unity and consciousness among people.
9. Gandhiji along with his colleagues and supporters reached Dandi on 5th April, 1930 after walking 24 days.
10. On the early morning of 6th April, Gandhiji broke the Salt Law by picking a handful of – salt from the sea-coast.
11. Shri Mahadevbhai Desai compared this event as ‘Mahabhiniskraman’ the great renunciation.
12. Journalists, photographers, writers and historians of India as well as of abroad visited and published reports about such a great march in their newspapers and booklets.
13. The Dandi Yatra which started from Sabarmati Ashram was praised heavily. It shook the British Empire.
14. To suppress the yatra, the British police beat the satyagrahais mercilessly. They conducted lathi charge, arrest, shooting and oppression on women and children, but people continued fearlessly.
15. During Dandi March, numerous constructive programmes like boycott of foreign clothes, prohibition of liquor, removal of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity and oaths to undertake social services, etc. were held.
16. Agitation done under the leadership of Abdul Ghaffar Khan (also known as Frontier Gandhi) as Vadala, Bombay.
17. Struggle against foreign liquor under the leadership of Kasturba Gandhi was suppressed in Bombay, Gharsana in Surat and in Viramgam during the Salt Law agitation.
18. Renunciation of government services, as well as removal of children from government schools, were the highlighted incidents during these movements.

Question 4.
Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer:

1. Subhash Chandra Bose was bom on 23rd January, 1897 in Cuttack in Orissa (Odisha) in a Bengali family.
2. His father Rai Bahadur Janikinath Bose was a government lawyer in British judiciary. His mother Parvati Devi was a social worker as well as a philanthropist.
3. After clearing his examination from Calcutta’s Presidence College, he went to England for further studies.
4. He passed one of the most difficult exams of ICS (Indian Civil Service) at fourth number and returned to Calcutta.
5. The insulting attitude of the British professors towards Indians at the Presidency College planted the seeds of revolution in the mind of Subhash Chandra Bose. So, be became an active member of the National Assembly.
6. He joined the Swarajya Party in 1923. Soon, he became a very popular leader among youths.
7. He was imprisoned several times because he always remained at the front in the Civil Disobedience.
8. He was elected as president of the Congress convention at Haripura (Surat) at the young age of 41 and showcased his ability quite well.
9. Later, when difference of opinions increased between him and Gandhiji, he left, Congress, and established his own party called the Forward Bloc.
10. The British arrested him under Indian Defence Code. The British called him a national prisoner and treated him very badly in the jail.
11. His health deteriorated continuously because he went on fast ‘unto the death’.
12. The British shifted him to his house and kept him as a prisoner there.
13. He dressed up as ‘pathan’ and travelled from Calcutta to Peshawar, Kabul, Iran and Russia and reached Berlin (Germany) on 28th March, 1942.
14. Indians living in Germany gave him a warm welcome. There, through Berlin Radio, he urged Indians to fight against the British Empire.
15. On 29th May, 1941, he met Hitler in Germany and discussed in detail about the independence of India.

3. Give answers of the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
Why did the people of India oppose the Simon Commission?
Answer:
Indians strongly believed that since the Commission was framed to bring reforms in the Indian political system, the British government must include Indian members in the Commission to understand the problems and pains of Indian society. However, the British rejected this recommendation. Hence, Indians opposed the Simon Commission.

Question 2.
Give the Slogans of “Azad Hind Fauj”.
Answer:
Under Azad Hind Fauj, Bose in his speeches and on radio, gave slogans like ‘Chalo Delhi’ (Let’s march to Delhi) and “Turn Mujhe khoon do, mein tumhe Azadi doonga” (Give me blood, I will give you freedom).

Question 3.
When was the Lord Mountbatten Plan presented?
Answer:
Mountbatten presented his plan for partitioning India on 24th March, 1947. Q4. When power was transferred to India by the British? Who was appointed as the First Indian Governor-General of India? Ans. Mountbatten, the last viceroy of the British Government, organized a function at New Delhi on the midnight of 14th August, 1947 and transferred the power to India. C. Rajgopalchari was the first as well as the last Indian Governor-General of Independent India.

Question 4.
Choose the correct option from those given below each question and write the answer:

Question 1.
How many members were there in Simon Commission?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Answer:
D. 8

Question 2.
When did Dandi March start?
A. 12th April 1930
B. 12th March 1931
C. 12th March 1930
D. 12th March 1929
Answer:
C. 12th March 1930

Question 3.
Which person compares Dandi March as “ Mahabinishkraman ”?
A. Mahadevbhai Desai
B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
C. Maulana Azad
D. Subhash Chandra Bose
Answer:
A. Mahadevbhai Desai

Question 4.
What is Dominion Status?
A. Dominion Freedom
B. Secularism
C. Complete Freedom
D. Dictatorship
Answer:
A. Dominion Freedom

Question 5.
According to Monford Provision, how many years are needed for the improvement in the commission?
A. 20 years
B. 10 years
C. 7 years
D. 5 years
Answer:
B. 10 years

Question 6.
Who died in lathicharge while opposing Simon commission?
A. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Lala Lajpatrai
C. Govind Vallabh pant
D. Motilal Nehru
Answer:
B. Lala Lajpatrai

Question 7.
Who affectionately got the name ‘Netaji’?
A. Subhash Chandra Bose
B. Vallabh Bhai Patel
C. Rasbihari Bose
D. Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
A. Subhash Chandra Bose

Question 8.
Who was the British Governor-General during the partition of India?
A. Montague Chelmsford
B. Wellesley
C. Mountbatten
D. Dalhousie
Answer:
C. Mountbatten

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Movement Towards Independence Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Complete the following statements by giving reasons.

Question 1.
The Simon Commission was appointed because …………….
Answer:
The Simon Commission was appointed because to examine the effects and operations of the constitutional reforms and to suggest more reforms for India.

Question 2.
People of India opposed the Simon Commission because ……………………
Answer:
People of India opposed the Simon Commission because the Commission consisted of Sir John Simon and seven members. All the members were of British Parliament. There was not a single Indian member. So, Indian decide to oppose it.

Question 3.
Gandhiji undertook Dandi March because ………………..
Answer:
As a part of Civil Disobedient Movement, Gandhiji undertook the Dandi March to break the Salt Law.

Question 4.
The Congress working committee decided to end the individual Satyagrah because …………..
Answer:
The Congress working committee decided to end the individual Satyagrah because keeping in mind the world war situation, the Congress Working Committee decided to end Individual Satyagraha.

Question 5.
Lala Lajpat Rai passed away because ……………..
Answer:
Lala Lajpat Rai passed away because British Police Superintendent ordered lathi charge on Lalaji’s procession. Lala Lajpat Rai was injured seriously while taking the lead of the procession in Lahore. Few months later, he passed away.

Question 6.
The Second Round Table Conference also failed because ……………….
Answer:
The Second Round Table Conference also failed because Britishers had discriminating points for various religious committees to which Gandhiji was deeply disappointed and therefore the conference was dissolved.

Question 7.
Subhash Chandra Bose left the Congress and established a new party the ‘Forward Bloc’ because
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose left the Congress and established a new party the ‘Forward Bloc’ because he had a difference of opinion with Gandhiji.

II. Fill in the blanks in the following statements.

1. There were …………… members in the Simon Commission.
2. …………… succumbed to death due to the lathi-charge by the British Police at Lahore.
3. Every year 26th January is celebrated as …………….. in India.
4. Gandhiji started a Satyagraha for ……………… on 12th March, 1930.
5. ……………… compared the Dandi March with Mahabhinishkraman of Gautama Buddha.
6. As the sole representative of the Indian National Congress, Gandhiji attended the …………….. Round Table Conference.
7. …………….. left the Congress and established a political party named ‘Forward Bloc’.
8. The Indians in Singapore -fondly called Subhash Chadra Bose as ………….. .
9. ……………. brought about the integration of the princely states in the ‘Indian Union’.
Answer:
1. eight
2. Lala Lajpat Rai
3. Republic Day
4. Dandi March
5. Mahadevbhai Desai
6. Second
7. Subhash Chandra Bose
8. Netaji
9. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

III. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. All seven members of Simon Commission were Indians.
2. Pandit Jawahar Lai Nehru had prepared the ‘Nehru Report’.
3. Gandhiji started the Dandi March from the Sabarmati Harijan Ashram in Ahmedabad.
4. Gandhiji gave the mantra (maxim) ‘Do or Die’ to the people during the Quit India Movement.
5. Gandhijin attended the First Round Table Conference.
6. In the disguise of a Pathan, Subhash Chandra Bose reached Tokyo in 28th March, 1942 from Kolkata.
7. The Muslim League asked the Muslims to observe 16th Autust, 1946 as the ‘Direct Action Day’.
8. Lala Lajpat Rai died in lathi-charge while opposing Simon Commission.
9. Jawaharlal Nehru affectionately got the name ‘Netaji’.
10. Mahadevbhai Desai had compared Dandi March with Mahabhinishkraman of Gandhiji.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True

IV. Arrange the incidents in proper order.

Question 1.
A. The Gandhi-Irwin compromise took place between Gandhiji and Viceroy Irwin.
B. The Simon Commission was appointed.
C. Gandhiji started the Dandi March from the Sabarmati Harijan Ashram at Ahmedabad.
D. The National General Assembly took the oath of independence and celebrated the first independence day.
Answer:
B, D, C, A

Question 2.
A. The First Round Table Conference was held in London.
B. Subhash Chandra Bose reached Japan safely from Berlin.
C. The ‘Quit India’ movement was launched under Gandhiji’s leadership at the Congress Party meeting that took place in Mumbai.
D. The working committee of the Congress decided to stop Individual Satyagrahas.
Answer:
A, D, C, B

Question 3.
A. Naval sailors revolted in Mumbai.
B. Viceroy Mountbatten presented a plan to partition India.
C. Subhash Chandra Bose visited the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
D. Subhash Chandra Bose went to Singapore from Japan.
Answer:
D, C, A, B

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