JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions chapter – 5 The Servant

JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions chapter – 5 The Servant

JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions chapter – 5 The Servant

Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions

J&K class 10th English The Servant Textbook Questions and Answers

The Servant Summary in English

This is the story of a Russian village boy named Gerasim. He belonged to a peasant family but from early boyhood, he had been living in Moscow. While he was yet a mere child, he worked as a bottle-washer in a brewery. Then he worked as a lower servant in a house. For the last two years, he had been working with a merchant. Then he was called back to his village for military duty. But he was not selected for military service. So he had nothing to do in the village. Living in the village seemed dull to him. He was not used to village life. So he came back to Moscow and tried to find some job for himself. He went to his previous master but the place had been filled already. He met all the people he knew in Moscow, but none could find any job for him. He did not know what to do or where to go. Sometimes, he had to go without food the whole day.
One day, he went to a man named Yegor who was from his village. This man worked as a coachman with a rich merchant. He had an oily tongue and had earned the favour of his master. He gave Gerasim a hearty welcome. He served him with tea and also gave him something to eat. Gerasim told him how he had failed to find any job in Moscow. At this, the coachman started giving a long sermon on honesty and faithfulness. He said that workers are not generally honest and faithful. That is why they are refused employment when they come back again. However, he said that he would speak to his master for him. It was time for the coachman to take his master to town. So he sent Gerasim away, assuring him that he would speak for him to his master.
Now there was an old man working with the merchant as an all-purpose servant. His name was Polikarpych. Yegor started convincing his master that Polikarpych had become too old to work properly. He said that the old man was no good now and should be dismissed. He added that there was a young man from his village who was without a job. He could be kept as a man of all work.
But the merchant had all sympathy for his old servant. He did not want to throw him on the road and leave him there to starve. Moreover, there was the old man’s wife also. He thought it a sin to dismiss his old servant for no reason. But Yegor used all his glib art to convince his master that Polikarpych and his wife deserved no sympathy. They were not honest in their work and had saved a few dollars also. They could spend their old age in an almshouse. At last the merchant said, “All right, bring your friend here. I’ll see what I can do.”
When Gerasim came the next day, Yegor took him to his master. After a few little questions, he agreed to take Gerasim as a man of all work. He asked him to come the next day and take his place.
Gerasim was almost mad with joy. He thanked the coachman and took his leave. But as he was crossing the yard, he heard some voices coming from inside the room near the gate. Gerasim knew it was going to be his room now and he stopped there to listen to what the people inside were saying.
And what Gerasim heard, gave him a big shock. There in the room were Polikarpych and his wife. wailing over the way they had been dismissed. Both of them knew it was Yegor who was behind all that act of cruelty. The wife said that she would tell the master how Yegor had been indulging in acts of thieving. But Polikarpych said that it would be a sin to do so. The woman burst out sobbing. Gerasim heard all this.
He walked back to Yegor and said that he did not want that job. He said that he would look for another job himself. Yegor flew into a rage and started abusing Gerasim. Without saying a word in reply, Gerasim left the place. He felt happy and light-hearted.

The Servant Summary in English

कहानी का संक्षिप्त सार
यह जेरासिम नामक एक रूसी ग्रामीण लड़के की कहानी है। उसका संबंध एक किसान परिवार से था किन्तु अपने आरम्भिक लड़कपन से ही वह मॉस्को में रहता रहा था। जब वह अभी एक छोटा बच्चा ही था, वह एक शराब बनाने वाले कारखाने में बोतलें धोने का काम किया करता था। इसके बाद उसने एक घर में निचले स्तर के नौकर का काम किया। पिछले दो वर्षों से वह एक व्यापारी के यहां काम कर रहा था। तब उसे सैनिक ड्यूटी के लिए उसके गांव वापस बुला लिया गया। किन्तु उसे सैनिक सेवा के लिए चुना न गया। उसके पास गांव में करने को कुछ नहीं था। गांव में रहना उसे नीरस लगता था। वह गांव में रहने का आदी नहीं था। इसलिए वह मॉस्को वापस चला आया और अपने लिए कोई नौकरी ढूंढने की कोशिश करने लगा। वह अपने पहले वाले मालिक के पास गया, किन्तु वह जगह पहले ही भरी जा चुकी थी। वह उन सब लोगों से मिला जिन्हें वह मॉस्को में जानता था किन्तु कोई भी उसके लिए कोई नौकरी न ढूंढ सका। उसे समझ नहीं आ रहा था कि वह क्या करे या कहाँ जाए। कई बार उसे पूरा दिन भूखे ही रहना पड़ता था ।
एक दिन वह येगोर नाम के एक आदमी के पास गया जो उसके गांव का था । वह आदमी एक धनी व्यापारी के यहां कोचवान का काम करता था । वह बहुत चिकनी-चुपड़ी बातें कर लेता था और अपने मालिक का चहेता बन गया था। उसने पूरे दिल से जेरासिम का स्वागत किया। उसने उसे चाय पिलाई और कुछ खाने को भी दिया। जेरासिम ने उसे बताया कि वह किस तरह मॉस्को में कोई भी काम ढूंढने में असफल रहा था। इस पर उस कोचवान ने उसे ईमानदारी और वफ़ादारी पर एक लम्बा भाषण देना शुरू कर दिया। उसने कहा कि कर्मचारी सामान्यतः ईमानदार और वफ़ादार नहीं होते। इसी कारण से उन्हें नौकरी पर रखने से इन्कार कर दिया जाता है, जब वे दुबारा वापस आते हैं। किन्तु उसने कहा कि वह उसके लिए अपने मालिक से बात करेगा। अब समय हो गया था कि कोचवान अपने मालिक को नगर में ले जाए । इसलिए उसने जेरासिम को यह आश्वासन देकर वहां से भेज दिया कि वह उसके लिए अपने मालिक से बात करेगा ।
अब वहां एक बूढ़ा आदमी था जो उस व्यापारी के यहां सब तरह के काम करने की नौकरी करता था। उसका नाम पोलिकारपिच था। येगोर ने अपने मालिक को यह विश्वास दिलाने की कोशिश की कि पोलिकारपिच इतना बूढ़ा हो गया था कि वह सही ढंग से काम नहीं कर सकता था। उसने कहा कि बूढ़ा आदमी अब किसी काम का नहीं रहा था और उसे नौकरी से निकाल दिया जाना चाहिए। उसने यह भी कहा कि उसके गांव से एक नौजवान आया हुआ था जिसके पास कोई नौकरी नहीं थी। उसे हर प्रकार का काम करने के लिए रखा जा सकता था।
किन्तु मालिक को अपने बूढ़े नौकर से पूरी सहानुभूति थी । वह उसे सड़क पर नहीं फेंक सकता था और वहां भूखे मरने को छोड़ नहीं सकता था। इसके अलावा वहां उस बूढ़े आदमी की पत्नी भी थी। वह उसे अकारण ही नौकरी से निकाल देने को एक पाप मानता था। येगोर ने अपने मालिक को मनाने के लिए अपनी पूरी चिकनी कला का इस्तेमाल किया और कहा कि पोलिकारपिच और उसकी पत्नी किसी सहानुभूति के काबिल नहीं थे। वे अपने काम के प्रति ईमानदार नहीं थे और उन्होंने कुछ डॉलर भी बचा रखे थे। वे दोनों अपना बुढ़ापा किसी दानघर में बिता सकते थे। अंत में व्यापारी ने कहा, “ठीक है, अपने उस मित्र को यहां ले आना। मैं देखूँगा कि मैं क्या कर सकता हूँ।”
जब अगले दिन जेरासिम आया तो येगोर उसे अपने मालिक के पास ले गया। कुछ छोटे-मोटे प्रश्न पूछने के बाद वह जेरासिम को हर तरह के काम करने वाले नौकर के रूप में रखने को राजी हो गया। उसने उसे अगले दिन आ कर अपनी नौकरी पर लग जाने को कह दिया ।
जेरासिम खुशी से लगभग पागल हो गया था। उसने कोचवान का धन्यवाद किया और उससे विदा ली। किन्तु जब वह आंगन को पार कर ही रहा था तो उसने गेट के नज़दीक वाले कमरे के अंदर से आती हुई कुछ आवाजें सुनीं। जेरासिम जानता था कि अब वह कमरा उसका होने वाला था और वह वहां सुनने को रुक गया कि कमरे के अंदर के लोग क्या कह रहे थे ।
और जो बातें जेरासिम ने सुनी, उससे उसको गहरा सदमा पहुंचा। वे पोलिकारपिच और उसकी पत्नी थे जो इस तरह नौकरी से निकाल दिए जाने पर विलाप कर रहे थे। उन दोनों को पता था कि यह येगोर ही था जो इस क्रूरतापूर्ण काम के पीछे था। पत्नी कह रही थी कि वह मालिक को बता देगी कि किस तरह से येगोर चोरी के कामों में लिप्त रहा करता था। किन्तु पोलिकारपिच ने कहा कि ऐसा करना पाप होगा। वह स्त्री फूट-फूट कर सिसकियां भरने लगी। जेरासिम ने यह सब सुन लिया ।
वह चल कर वापस येगोर के पास आया और कहने लगा कि उसे वह नौकरी नहीं चाहिए थी । उसने कहा कि वह कोई अन्य नौकरी स्वयं ढूँढ लेगा । येगोर बहुत क्रोधित हो गया और जेरासिम को गालियां देने लगा। उत्तर में एक भी शब्द बोले बिना जेरासिम उस जगह से चल दिया । वह प्रसन्नता और दिल में हल्कापन महसूस कर रहा था ।
कठिन शब्दार्थ तथा संपूर्ण कहानी का हिन्दी अनुवाद
Gerasim returned to Moscow just at a time when it was hardest to find work, a short while before Christmas, when a man sticks even to a poor job in expectation of a present. For three weeks the peasant lad had been going about in vain seeking a position.
He stayed with relatives and friends from his village, and although he had not yet suffered great want, it disheartened him that he, a strong young man, should go without work. Gerasim had lived in Moscow from early boyhood. When still a mere child, he had gone to work in a brewery as bottle-washer and later as a lower servant in a house. In the last two years he had been in a merchant’s employ, and would still have held that position, had he not been summoned back to his village for military duty. However, he had not been drafted. It seemed dull to him in the village, he was not used to the country life, so he decided he would rather count the stones in Moscow than stay there. Every minute it was getting to be more and more irksome for him to be tramping the streets in idleness. Not a stone did he leave unturned in his efforts to secure any sort of work. He plagued all of his acquaintances, he even held up people on the street and asked them if they knew of a situation; all in vain. Finally Gerasim could no longer bear being a burden on his people. Some of them were annoyed by his coming to them; and others  had suffered unpleasantness from their masters on his account. He was altogether at a loss what to do. Sometimes he would go a whole day without eating.
One day Gerasim betook himself to a friend from his village, who lived at the extreme outer edge of Moscow, near Sokolnik. The man was a coachman to a merchant by the name of Sharov, in whose service he had been for many years. He had ingratiated himself with his master, so that Sharov trusted him absolutely and gave every sign of holding him in high favour. It was the man’s glib tongue chiefly, that had gained him his master’s confidence. He told on all the servants, and Sharov valued him for it. Gerasim approached and greeted him. The coachman gave his guest a proper reception, served him with tea and something to eat, and asked him how he was doing.
“Very badly, Yegor Danilych,” said Gerasim, “I’v been without a job for weeks.”
“Didn’t you ask your old employer to take you back ?”
“I did.”
“He wouldn’t take you again ?”
“The position was filled already.”
“That’s it. That’s the way you young fellows are. You serve your employers | so-so, and when you leave your jobs, you usually have muddied up the way back to them. You ought to serve your masters so that they will think a lot of you, and when you come again, they will not refuse you, but rather dismiss the | man who has taken your place.”
“How can a man do that ? In these days there aren’t any employers like that, and we aren’t exactly angels, either.”
“What’s the use of wasting words ? I just want to tell you about myself. If for some reason or other I should ever have to leave this place and go home, not only would Mr Sharov, if I came back take me on again without a word, but he would be glad to, too.”
Gerasim sat there downcast. He saw his friend was boasting, and it occurred to him to gratify him.
“I know it,” he said. “But it’s hard to find men like you, Yegor Danilych. If you were a poor worker, your master would not have kept you twelve years.”
Yegor smiled. He liked the praise.
“That’s it,” he said. “If you were to live and serve as I do, you wouldn’t be out of work for months and months.”
Gerasim made no reply.
Yegor was summoned to his master.
“Wait a moment, moment8,” he said to Gerasim. “T’ll be right back”
“Very well.”
Yegor came back and reported that inside of half an hour he would have to have the horses harnessed, ready to drive his master to town. He lighted his pipe and took several turns in the room. Then he came to a halt in front of Gerasim.
“Listen, my boy,” he said. “If you want, I’ll ask my master to take you as a servant here.”
“Does he need a man ?”
“We have one, but he’s not much good. He’s getting old, and it’s very hard for him to do the work. It’s lucky for us that the neighbourhood isn’t a lively one and the police don’t make a fuss about things being kept just so else the old man couldn’t manage to keep the place clean enough for them. “
“Oh, if you can, then please do say a word for me, Yegor Danilych. I’ll pray for you all my life. I can’t stand being without work any longer.”
“All right, I’ll speak for you. Come again tomorrow, and in the meantime take this ten-kopek piece. It may come in handy.”
“Thanks, Yegor Danilych. Then you will try for me ? Please do me the favour.”
“All right. I’ll try for you.”
Gerasim left, and Yegor harnessed up his horses. Then he put on his coachman’s habit, and drove up to the front door. Mr Sharov stepped out of the house, seated himself in the sleigh and the horses galloped off. He attended to his business in town and returned home. Yegor, observing that his master was in a good humour, said to him:
“Sharov Fiodorych, I have a favour to ask of you.”
“What is it ?”
“There’s a young man from my village here, a good boy. He’s without a job.”
“Well ?”
“Wouldn’t you take him ?”
“What do I want him for ?”
“Use him as man of all work round the place.”
“How about Polikarpych?”
“What good is he? It’s about time you dismiss him.”
That wouldn’t be fair. He has been with me so many years. I can’t let him go just so, without any cause.”
“Supposing he has worked for you for years. He didn’t work for nothing. He got paid for it. He’s certainly saved up a few dollars for his old age.”
“Saved up ! How could he ? From what ? He’s not alone in the world. He has a wife to support, and she has to eat and drink also.”
“His wife earns money, too, at day’s work as charwoman.”
“A lot she could have made ! Enough for them.”
“Why should you care about Polikarpych and his wife? To tell you the truth, he’s a very poor servant. Why should you throw your money away on him ? He never shovels the snow away on time, or does anything right. And when it comes his turn to be night watchman, he slips away at least ten times a night. It’s too cold for him. You’ll see, some day, because of him, you will have trouble with the police. The quarterly inspector will descend on us, and it won’t be so agreeable for you to be responsible for Polikarpych.”
“Still, it’s pretty rough. He’s been with me fifteen years. And to treat him that way in his old age it would be a sin”
“A sin ! Why. what harm would you be doing him ? He won’t starve. He’ll go to the almshouse. It will be better for him. too, to be quiet in his old age.”
Sharov reflected”.
“All right.” he said finally. “Bring your friend here. I’ll see what I can do.”
“Do take him, sir. I’m so sorry for him. He’s a good boy, and he’s been without work for such a long time. I know he’ll do his work well and serve you faithfully. On account of having to report for military duty, he lost his last position. If it hadn’t been for that, his master would never have let him go.”
The next evening Gerasim came again and asked :
“Well, could you do anything for me ?” “Something, I believe. First let’s have some tea. Then we’ll go to see my master.”
Even tea had no allurements for Gerasim. He was eager for a decision; but under the compulsion of politeness to his host, he gulped down two glasses | of tea, and then they betook themselves to Sharov. Sharov asked Gerasim where he had lived before and what work he could do. Then he told him he was prepared to engage him as man of all work, and he should come back the next day ready to take the place. Gerasim was fairly stunned by the great stroke of fortune. So overwhelming was his joy that his legs was his joy that his legs would scarcely carry him. He went to the coachman’s room, and Yegor said to him :
“Well, my lad, see to it that you do your work right, so that I shan’t have to be ashamed of you. You know what masters are like. If you go wrong once, they’ll be at you forever after with their fault-finding, and never give you peace.”
“Don’t worry about that, Yegor Danilych.”
“Well-well.”
Gerasim took leave, crossing the yard to go out by the gate.
Polikarpych’s rooms gave on the yard, and a broad beam of light from the window fell across Gerasim’s way. He was curious as to get a glimpse of his future home, but the panes were all frosted over, and it was impossible to peep through. However, he could hear what the people inside were saying.
“What will we do now?” was said in a woman’s voice.
“I don’t know, I don’t know,” a man, undoubtedly Polikarpych, replied.
“Go begging, I suppose.”
“That’s all we can do. There’s nothing else left,” said the woman.
“Oh, we poor people, what a miserable life we lead. We work and work from early morning till late at night day after day, and when we get old, then it’s, ‘Away with you?’ “
“What can we do ? Our master is not one of us. It wouldn’t be worth the while to say much to him about it. He cares only for his own advantage.”
“All the masters are so mean. They don’t think of anyone but themselves. It doesn’t occur to them that we work for them honestly and faithfully for years, and use up our best strength in their service. They’re afraid to keep us a year longer, even though we’ve got all the strength we need to do their work. If we weren’t strong enough, we’d go of our own accord.”
“The master’s not so much to blame as his coachman. Yegor Danilych wants to get a good position for his friend.”
“Yes, he’s a serpent. He knows how to wag his tongue. You wait, you foulmouthed beast, I’ll get even with you. I’ll go straight to the master and tell him how the fellow deceives him, how he steals the hay and fodder. I’ll put it down in writing, and he can convince himself how the fellow lies about us all.”
“Don’t, old woman. Don’t sin ”
“Sin ? Isn’t what I said all true ? I know to a dot what I’m saying, and I mean to tell it straight out to the master. He should see with his own eyes. Why not ? What can we do now anyhow ? Where shall we go ? He’s ruined us, ruined us.”
The old woman burst out sobbing. Gerasim heard all that, and it stabbed  him like a dagger. He realized what misfortune he would be bringing the old people, and it made him sick at heart. He stood there a long while, saddened, lost in thought, then he turned and went back into the coachman’s room. “Ah, you forgot something ?”
“No, Yegor Danilych.” Gerasim stammered out, “I’ve come; listen, I want to thank you ever and ever so much for the way you received me and all the trouble you took for me but I can’t take the place.”
“What ! What does that mean ?”
“Nothing. I don’t want the place. I will look for another one for myself.”
Yegor flew into a rage.
“Did you mean to make a fool of me, did you, ou idiot ? You come here so meek. “Try for me, do try for me’ and then you refuse to take the place. You rascal, you have disgraced me !”
Gerasim found nothing to say in reply. He reddened, and lowered his eyes. Yegor turned his back scornfully and said nothing more.
Then Gerasim quietly picked up his cap and left the coachman’s room. He crossed the yard rapidly, went out by the gate, and hurried off down the street. He felt happy and light-hearted.
जेरासिम ठीक उसी समय मॉस्को लौट आया जब काम ढूंढना सबसे मुश्किल था, क्रिसमस से कुछ ही दिन पहले, जब कोई व्यक्ति एक बहुत कम तनख़्वाह वाली नौकरी से भी चिपका रहता है, इस आशा के साथ कि उसे कोई उपहार |मिलेगा। तीन हफ़्तों तक वह किसान लड़का कोई नौकरी पाने के लिए व्यर्थ में ही इधर-उधर घूमता रहा था।
वह रिश्तेदारों और अपने गांव से आए हुए मित्रों के साथ रह रहा था, और यद्यपि उसे अभी पैसों की ज्यादा कमी नहीं आई थी, इस बात से उसके दिल को ठेस पहुंचती थी कि उस जैसे हट्टे-कट्टे नौजवान को नौकरी के बिना रहना पड़े । जेरासिम अपने लड़कपन के शुरू से मॉस्को में रहता आया था । जब अभी वह मात्र एक बच्चा था, वह एक शराब के कारखाने में बोतलें धोने का काम करने गया और बाद में एक में निचले स्तर के नौकर के रूप में। पिछले दो सालों से वह एक व्यापारी की नौकरी में था, और अब भी उसी नौकरी पर लगा होता यदि उसे सैनिक ड्यूटी के लिए वापस उसके गांव न बुलाया गया होता। किन्तु उसे पक्की भर्ती के लिए बाध्य नहीं किया गया था। गांव में रहना उसे बेमज़ा सा लगता था, गांव के जीवन की उसे आदत नहीं थी, इसलिए उसने निश्चय किया कि वह वहां रहने की अपेक्षा मॉस्को में पत्थर गिनना ( बेकार घूमना ) बेहतर मानेगा। सड़कों पर इधर-उधर बेकार भटकना उसके लिए प्रत्येक पल अधिकाधिक परेशान करने वाला होता जा रहा था। किसी भी किस्म का काम ढूंढने में उसने कोई यत्न न छोड़ा। उसने अपने सभी परिचितों को परेशान कर दिया। वह गली में जा रहे लोगों को भी रोक लेता और उनसे पूछता कि उन्हें किसी खाली पड़ी नौकरी का पता था, किन्तु यह सब करना बेकार ही रहता । अन्त में जेरासिम अपने लोगों पर बोझ बनना और अधिक सहन न कर सका। उनमें से कुछ उसके आने पर चिढ़ जाते थे; तथा दूसरों को उसकी वजह से अपने मालिकों की नाराज़गी सहन करनी पड़ी थी। उसे बिल्कुल समझ नहीं आ रहा था कि क्या करे । कई बार वह पूरा दिन बिना कुछ खाए बिता देता ।
एक दिन जेरासिम उसके गांव से आए एक मित्र के पास चला गया जो सोकोलनिक के नज़दीक मॉस्को के बिल्कुल बाहरी छोर पर रहता था । वह व्यक्ति शरोव नाम के एक व्यापारी का कोचवान था जिसकी नौकरी वह कई सालों से कर रहा था। उसने स्वयं को अपने मालिक का कृपापात्र बना लिया था, जिससे शरोव उस पर पूरा विश्वास करने लगा था और उस पर बहुत मेहरबान होने के सभी चिन्ह दिखाया करता था । मुख्य रूप से उस व्यक्ति की चिकनी ज़ुबान थी |जिससे वह अपने मालिक का विश्वासपात्र हो गया था। वह सभी नौकरों पर रोब डाला करता और शरोव इस बात के लिए उसे पूरी दाद देता। जेरासिम उसके पास गया और उसे दुआ-सलाम कही। कोचवान ने उसका उचित स्वागत किया, उसे चाय पिलाई और कुछ खाने को दिया और उससे पूछा कि उसका हाल-चाल कैसा था ।
“बहुत खराब, येगोर डैनिलिच, ” जेरासिम ने कहा, “मैं कई सप्ताहों से बेकार हूँ । “
“क्या तुमने अपने पुराने मालिक से तुम्हें वापस नौकरी पर लेने को नहीं कहा ? “
“कहा था।”
“क्या वह तुम्हें दोबारा लेने को तैयार नहीं था?”
“जगह पहले ही भरी जा चुकी थी । “
 ” तो यह बात है। तुम जवान लोग ऐसे ही होते हो। तुम अपने मालिकों की नौकरी दिल लगा कर नहीं करते और जब तुम अपनी नौकरियां छोड़ते हो तो प्रायः तुम उनके पास वापस जाने का रास्ता गन्दा कर चुके होते हो। तुम्हें अपने मालिकों की सेवा ऐसे करनी चाहिए जिससे वे तुम्हारे बारे में ऊँचा सोचें और जब तुम वापस आओ तो वे तुम्हें इन्कार न करें बल्कि उस व्यक्ति को निकाल दें जिसने तुम्हारी जगह ले रखी हो । ”
“कोई व्यक्ति ऐसा कैसे कर सकता है ? आजकल उस तरह के कोई मालिक नहीं हैं और हम भी पूरी तरह से कोई फ़रिश्ते नहीं हैं।”
” शब्दों को व्यर्थ गंवाने का क्या लाभ है ? मैं तुम्हें केवल अपने बारे में बताना चाहता हूँ । यदि किसी कारण से मुझे कभी इस जगह को छोड़ कर घर जाना पड़े तो, मिस्टर शरोव, यदि मैं वापस आऊं, एक शब्द बोले बिना न केवल मुझे फिर से रख लेगा, बल्कि उसे ऐसा करके खुशी भी होगी।”
जेरासिम वहां नज़रें नीचे किए हुए बैठा रहा। वह समझ गया कि उसका मित्र डींगें मार रहा था और उसे ऐसा सुझा कि वह उसके दिल को आनन्दित ही रखे।
“मैं जानता हूँ,” उसने कहा। “किन्तु येगोर डैनिलिच, आप जैसे लोग मिलने मुश्किल होते हैं। अगर आप घटिया कर्मचारी होते तो आपका मालिक आपको बारह वर्ष तक न रखे रहता । “
येगोर मुस्करा दिया। उसे प्रशंसा अच्छी लगी।
“बिल्कुल ठीक, ” उसने कहा । अगर तुम उसी तरह रहते और काम करते जैसा मैं करता हूँ तो महीनों तक बेकार न रहते। “
जेरासिम ने कोई उत्तर न दिया ।
येगोर को अपने मालिक के पास जाने का बुलावा आया।
“एक पल प्रतीक्षा करो, ” उसने जेरासिम से कहा। “मैं अभी वापस आता हूँ।”
“बहुत अच्छा ।”
येगोर वापस आया और उसने बताया कि आधे घण्टे के अन्दर उसे घोड़ों को जोतना पड़ेगा, और इन्हें तैयार रखना पड़ेगा, इसके मालिक को शहर ले जाने के लिए। उसने अपना पाइप जलाया और कमरे के कई चक्कर लगाए । फिर वह जेरासिम के सामने आ कर खड़ा हो गया ।
“सुनो, मेरे बच्चे, ” उसने कहा “अगर तुम चाहो तो । मैं अपने मालिक से कहूंगा कि वह तुम्हें यहां नौकरी पर रख ले।”
“क्या उसे आदमी की ज़रूरत है ? “
“हमारे पास एक है, परन्तु वह ज्यादा अच्छा नहीं है । वह बूढ़ा हो रहा है और उसके लिए काम करना बहुत मुश्किल हो रहा है। यह हमारे लिए खुशकिस्मती की बात है कि पड़ोस में ज़्यादा चहल-पहल नहीं है और पुलिस भी इसमें ज्यादा मीन-मेख नहीं निकालती कि चीजें इस तरह वैसे ही पड़ी रहें, नहीं तो उनके हिसाब से जगह को पूरा साफ रख पाना उस बूढ़े आदमी के वश की बात नहीं थी । “
“ओह, अगर आप कर सकें तो, येगोर डैनिलिच, आप कृपया मेरे लिए थोड़ी बात कीजिए। मैं पूरा जीवन भर आपके लिए दुआएं करता रहूंगा । मैं अब और अधिक बेकार रहना मैं सहन नहीं कर सकता।”
“तो ठीक है, मैं तुम्हारे लिए बात करूंगा। कल फिर आना, और इसी बीच यह दस कोपेक का सिक्का ले जाओ। यह शायद तुम्हारे काम आए । “
“धन्यवाद, येगोर डैनिलिच । तो आप क्या मेरे लिए कोशिश करेंगे ? कृपया मेरे ऊपर यह एहसान कीजिएगा।”
“ठीक है। मैं तुम्हारे लिए कोशिश करूंगा । “
जेरासिम वहां से चल दिया, और येगोर ने अपने घोड़ों को जोत लिया । फिर उसने अपनी कोचवानों वाली वर्दी पहन ली और बर्फ़गाड़ी को सामने वाले दरवाज़े तक ले आया। मि० शरोव अपने घर से बाहर आया, बर्फ़गाड़ी में बैठ गया और घोड़े सरपट दौड़ने लगे। उसने नगर में अपना काम पूरा किया और घर लौट आया । येगोर, यह देख कर कि उसका मालिक अच्छे मूड में था, उससे कहने लगा—
“शरोव फ़ायोडोरिच, मुझे आपकी एक कृपा चाहिए।”
“वह क्या है ? “
“यहां मेरे गांव से एक युवक आया हुआ है, एक अच्छा लड़का है। उसके पास नौकरी नहीं है। “
“तो फिर ?”
“क्या आप उसे नहीं रखेंगे ?”
“मुझे वह किस काम के लिए चाहिए ?”
“उसे यहां इस जगह सभी तरह के कामों के लिए रख लीजिए।”
“वो फिर पोलिकारपिच का क्या होगा ?”
“वह किस काम का है ? अब लगभग समय आ गया है कि आप उसे निकाल दें।”
” ऐसा करना जायज़ नहीं होगा। वह मेरे पास कितने सालों से है। मैं इसे वैसे ही जाने नहीं दे सकता, बिना किसी कारण ।”
“मान लिया उसने आपके लिए कई साल काम किया है। उसने मुफ्त में काम नहीं किया । उसे इसके पैसे मिलते थे | उसने निश्चय ही अपने बुढ़ापे के लिए कुछ डॉलर बचा रखे हैं।”
“बचा रखे हैं ! वह ऐसा कैसे कर पाया ? किस में से बचा पाया ? वह संसार में अकेला नहीं है। उसकी पत्नी है सम्भालने को, और उसे खाने और पीने की भी ज़रूरत होती है ।”
” उसकी पत्नी भी पैसे कमाती है, झाड़ू-पोंछे का दिन भर काम करके । “
“उसने बहुत कमा लिए होंगे ! उनके लिए काफ़ी | “
“आपको पोलिकारपिच और उसकी पत्नी की परवाह करने की क्या ज़रूरत है? आपको सच कहूं तो वह एक बहुत घटिया नौकर है। आप उस पर अपने पैसे बरबाद क्यों करते हैं ? वह कभी वक्त पर बर्फ को बेलचे से नहीं हटाता, और कोई भी काम ठीक से नहीं करता । और जब रात में पहरा देने की उसकी बारी आती है, वह रात में कम से कम दस बार खिसक जाता है। उसे बहुत सर्दी लगती है। आप किसी दिन देख लेंगे कि उसकी वजह से आपको पुलिस से मुसीबत आ जाएगी । तिमाही वाला इंस्पैक्टर हमारे ऊपर हल्ला बोल देगा और आपको अच्छा नहीं लगेगा कि आपको पोलिकारपिच के बदले ज़िम्मेदार बनना पड़े । “
“फिर भी ऐसा करना बहुत ग़लत होगा । वह मेरे पास पन्द्रह साल रहा है। और उसके बुढ़ापे में उसके साथ ऐसा व्यवहार करना एक पाप होगा । “
“पाप ! क्यों, आप उसे कौन सा नुकसान पहुंचा रहे होंगे ? वह भूखा नहीं मरेगा। वह दानघर में रहने चला जाएगा। ऐसा उसके लिए बेहतर भी रहेगा, अपने बुढ़ापे में शान्ति से रहेगा।”
शरोव सोचने लगा।
“ठीक है, ” अन्त में उसने कहा। “अपने मित्र को यहां लाना। मैं देखूंगा कि मैं क्या कर सकता हूं।”
” श्रीमान, उसे अवश्य ले लीजिएगा। मुझे उस पर बहुत दया आती है। वह एक अच्छा लड़का है और वह बहुत समय से बेकार है । मैं जानता हूं कि वह अपना काम अच्छी तरह करेगा और आपकी सेवा वफ़ादारी से करेगा। सैनिक ड्यूटी के लिए जाने पड़ने की वजह से उसको अपनी पुरानी नौकरी गंवानी पड़ी । यदि ऐसा न रहा होता तो उसके मालिक ने उसे कभी जाने नहीं देना था “
अगली सायं जेरासिम फिर आया और पूछने लगा-
“तो क्या आप मेरे लिए कुछ कर पाए ? “
“कुछ-कुछ, मैं समझता हूं। आओ, पहले हम थोड़ी चाय पीते हैं। फिर हम मेरे मालिक से मिलने चलेंगे।”
जेरासिम के लिए चाय भी कोई आकर्षण नहीं रखती थी वह किसी फ़ैसले के लिए उत्सुक था; किन्तु अपने मेज़बान के प्रति नम्रता दिखाने की मजबूरी की वजह से वह दो गिलास चाय जल्दी से पी गया और फिर वे शरोव के पास चले गए। शरोव ने जेरासिम से पूछा वह पहले कहां रहता रहा था और वह कौन-सा काम कर सकता था। फिर उसने उसे बताया कि वह उसे सब तरह के काम करने वाले नौकर के रूप में लेने को तैयार था और उसे अगले दिन अपनी जगह सम्भालने के लिए वहां वापस आना चाहिए। भाग्य की इस भारी दस्तक से ज़ेरासिम बहुत ही स्तब्ध हो उठा। उसकी खुशी इतनी बेकाबू हो रही थी कि उसकी टांगें उसे मुश्किल से ही उठा पा रही थीं। वह कोचवान के कमरे में गया, और येगोर ने उससे कहा –
“तो ठीक है, मेरे बच्चे, इस बात का ध्यान रखना कि अपना काम सही ढंग से करना ताकि मुझे तुम्हारी वजह से |शर्मिंदा न होना पड़े। तुम जानते ही हो कि मालिक लोग कैसे होते हैं। अगर तुम एक बार ग़लती कर दो तो वह तुम्हारे दोष निकालने के लिए हमेशा तुम पर सवार रहेंगे, और तुम्हें कभी शान्ति में नहीं रहने देंगे । “
“उसकी चिन्ता मत कीजिए येगोर डैनिलिच ।”
“ठीक है ठीक है । “
जेरासिम नें विदा ली, गेट से बाहर जाने के लिए आंगन को पार करते हुए ।
पोलिकारपिच के कमरे आंगन की तरफ़ पड़ते थे, और खिड़की में से आती हुई रोशनी की एक चौड़ी किरण जेरासिम के रास्ते के पार पड़ रही थी । वह अपने भविष्य के घर की एक झलक पाने के लिए उत्सुक हो उठा, किन्तु खिड़कियों के शीशे अपारदर्शी हुए पड़े थे और अन्दर झांक पाना असम्भव था । तो भी वह सुन पा रहा था कि अन्दर की तरफ बातें करते हुए लोग क्या कह रहे थे ।
“अब हम क्या करेंगे ?” एक औरत की आवाज़ में कहा गया था ।
“मैं नहीं जानता, मैं नहीं जानता, ” एक आदमी, जो निस्सन्देह पोलिकारपिच था, ने जवाब दिया।
“शायद भीख मांगने जाना पड़े, मेरे विचार में । “
“हम केवल यही कर सकते हैं। और कुछ करने को नहीं रहा है, ” उस स्त्री ने कहा ।
“ओह, हम ग़रीब लोग, कितना दुखी जीवन बिताते हैं । हम दिन-प्रतिदिन सुबह-सवेरे से लेकर रात देर तक काम करते हैं और काम करते रहते हैं, और जब हम बूढ़े हो जाते हैं तो फिर सुनने को मिलता है, ‘भाग जाओ यहां से । ”’
“हम क्या कर सकते हैं ? हमारा मालिक हमारे पक्ष में नहीं है। उससे इस बारे में कुछ ज्यादा बात करना कोई लाभ का काम नहीं होगा। वह सिर्फ अपने फ़ायदे की चिन्ता करता है । “
“सभी मालिक बहुत नीच होते हैं। वे अपने सिवाय किसी अन्य के बारे में नहीं सोचते। उन्हें यह ख्याल नहीं आता कि हम वर्षों तक उनके लिए ईमानदारी और वफ़ादारी से काम करते हैं और उनकी सेवा में सर्वोत्तम शक्ति लगा देते हैं। वे हमें एक वर्ष भी और ज्यादा रखने से डरते हैं, यद्यपि उनका काम करने के लिए हमारे पास पूरी शक्ति होती है। यदि हम पर्याप्त रूप से मज़बूत न होते तो हम अपनी मर्जी से चले जाते।”
“मालिक का इतना दोष नहीं है जितना कि उस कोचवान का है। येगोर डैनिलिच अपने मित्र के लिए एक अच्छी जगह चाहता है।”
“हां, वह एक सांप है। वह जानता है कि उसे अपनी जबान चापलूसी में कैसे घुमानी है। इंतज़ार करो, अरे गंदे मुंह वाले जंगली जानवर, मैं तुम्हारे साथ हिसाब बराबर कर लूंगी। मैं सीधी मालिक के पास जाऊँगी और उसे बताऊँगी कि किस तरह वह आदमी उसे धोखा देता है, किस तरह वह भूसा और चारा चोरी करता है। मैं इसे लिखित रूप में दूंगी और वह स्वयं जांच करके मान लेगा कि वह आदमी हम सब के बारे में कैसे झूठ बोलता है । “
“ऐसा मत करना, ए बुढ़िया । पाप मत करना । “
“पाप ? तो क्या वह सब जो मैंने कहा, सच नहीं है ? मैं पूरी तरह जानती हूं कि मैं क्या कह रही हूं, और मैं सीधे मालिक से ये बातें कह दूंगी। उसे अपनी आंखों से देख लेना चाहिए। क्यों नहीं ? अब हम कुछ भी क्या कर सकते हैं ? हम कहां जाएंगे ? उसने हमें तबाह कर दिया है, तबाह कर दिया है।”
बूढ़ी औरत फूट-फूट कर सिसकियां भरने लगी। जेरासिम ने वह सब सुना और इससे उसे एक खंजर के चुभने जैसा महसूस हुआ । उसे महसूस हो गया कि वह उन बूढ़े लोगों पर कितनी बदकिस्मती लाने जा रहा था और इससे उसका दिल पीड़ित हो उठा। वह बहुत देर तक वहां खड़ा रहा, उदास हुआ, अपने विचारों में खोया हुआ, और फिर वह मुड़ा और वापस कोचवान के कमरे में चला गया। “ओह, क्या तुम कोई चीज़ भूल गए थे ? “
“नहीं, येगोर डैनिलिच, ” जेरासिम हकलाते हुए कहने लगा, ‘‘मैं आया हूं; सुनिए, मैं आपका बहुत-बहुत धन्यवाद करना चाहता हूं, जिस तरह आपने मेरा स्वागत किया था और उस सब कष्ट के लिए जो आपने मेरे लिए किया, लेकिन मैं यह नौकरी नहीं ले सकता।”
“क्या ! तुम क्या कहना चाहते हो ?”
“कुछ नहीं। मैं यह नौकरी नहीं चाहता। मैं कोई और स्वयं ही ढूंढ लूंगा । “
येगोर अत्यन्त क्रोध में आ गया।
“क्या तुम मुझे बेवकूफ बनाना चाहते थे, क्या यही बात थी, मूर्ख आदमी ? तुमने इतने भले- भोले बन कर आते हो और कहते हो, ‘मेरे लिए कोशिश कीजिए, कृपया मेरे लिए कोशिश कीजिए’ और फिर तुम नौकरी लेने से इन्कार कर देते हो। ए दुष्ट, तुमने मुझे अपमानित किया है !”
जेरासिम को जवाब देने के लिए कुछ न सूझा । उसका चेहरा लाल हो गया और उसने अपनी नज़रें नीचे को कर लीं। येगोर ने घृणापूर्वक अपनी पीठ घुमा ली तथा और आगे कुछ न कहा ।
फिर जेरासिम ने चुपचाप अपनी टोपी उठाई और कोचवान के कमरे से चला गया। उसने तेज़ी से आंगन पार किया, गेट से होता हुआ बाहर गया और सड़क पर तेज़ी से चलने लगा। उसे प्रसन्नता महसूस हो रही थी और अपने दिल में हल्का महसूस कर रहा था।
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Thinking about the Text:
Q. 1. Why had Gerasim been going about in vain in the village ? 
Ans. Gerasim had been called to the village for military duty, but he was not drafted (selected ). So he had nothing to do in the village. Life in the village seemed dull to him. He was not used to village life. From his early boyhood, he had been living in Moscow. So, living in the village, he didn’t feel happy. He felt that he had been wandering about the village in vain.
Q. 2. Where had Gerasim been working? Why did he return to his village ? 
Ans. Gerasim had been working in Moscow. He was from a village but had been in Moscow since his early boyhood. He was a mere child when he had gone there to work as a bottle-washer in a brewery. Then he worked as a lower servant in a house. For the last two years, he had been working for a merchant. Then he was called back to his village for military duty. So he had to give up his job and return to his village.
Q. 3. What did the coachman tell Gerasim when he narrated his story? 
Ans. The coachman started giving Gerasim a long sermon on honesty and faithfulness. He said that workers don’t serve their employers wholeheartedly. They serve just so-so. The employers have no good opinion of them. That is why when they come back again for the job, they are refused. The coachman says that we should work in a way that our employers miss us when we leave them. And if we come back again, they would at once dismiss the man who has taken our place. The coachman gives his own example. He says that if ever he leaves his place and goes home, his master would gladly take him if he came back. Thus he tells Gerasim indirectly that if he had served his master sincerely, he would not have to hanker for a job now.
Q. 4. How did the coachman persuade his master to employ Gerasim ? 
Ans. The coachman had an oily tongue. He first tried to convince his master that it was no longer worth to keep Polikarpych as a servant. He had become too old to do his job well. The coachman said that Polikarpych never shovelled the snow away on time. Thus he could bring his master trouble from the police. And when it was his turn to be a nightwatchman, he slipped away at least ten times a night. Thus the coachman painted Polikarpych in very dark colours. The master had real sympathy for his old servant who had served him for fifteen years. He thought it a sin to leave him to starve in his old age. But the coachman was perfect in his glib art. He succeeded at last in persuading his master to dismiss Polikarpych and employ Gerasim who, he said, was a young man from his village and was without a job.
Q. 5. Why was the master reluctant to disengage the old servant ?
Ans. The master had all love and sympathy for his old servant. The servant had served him for fifteen years. He had never any complaint against him. He knew the servant did not do some of the things very properly. But that was not his fault. He had become old and had not the strength of a young man. But where would the old man go ? He had his wife also living with him. That was a point of concern for the good master. He could not leave the poor old man and woman to starve on the road. That was why the master was not willing to dismiss him. He thought it would be a sin to do so.
Q. 6. What did Gerasim hear while crossing the yard ?
Ans. Gerasim heard voices coming from a room. They were the voices of a man and a woman. From what they were saying, Gerasim at once understood who they were. They were the old servant and his wife who were being sent away from there. They were wailing over the way they had been dismissed. They had served their master honestly and faithfully. But now in their old age, they had been asked to go. They had nowhere to go to. They could do nothing but beg for their food. Gerasim heard the man saying that the master was not so much to blame. The real devil was the coachman. At this, the wife called him a serpent. She said that she would go to the master and tell him how the coachman had been stealing his things. But the husband forbade her from doing so. He said that it would be a sin to do that. The old woman burst out sobbing. She said that the coachman had ruined them.
Q. 7. What did the old couple think about the master ?
Ans. The old couple were much disappointed with their master. They had served him honestly and faithfully for fifteen years. But now in their old age, he had suddenly asked them to go. The old woman said that their master cared only for his own advantage. He had no sympathy for them. But the husband said that the master was not so much to blame. He called the coachman the real culprit. He knew that the coachman wanted to bring in his friend in their place. But in their heart of hearts, they were not happy with the master also. Why did he allow himself to be ruled by a devil ?
Q. 8. What was the effect of the old couple’s conversation on Gerasim ? 
Ans. Gerasim had heard all that the old couple had said. Their conversation stabbed him like a dagger. He realised what misfortune he would be bringing for the old couple. It made him sick at heart. He stood there a long while. He was sad and remained lost in thought. Then he turned and went back to Yegor, the coachman. He thanked him for all the trouble he had taken for him, but said, “I don’t want the place. I will look for another one for myself.”
Q. 9. How does the story reflect the humility of Gerasim? 
Ans. Gerasim’s humility is reflected all through the story. He fails to get any job in Moscow. His friends begin to avoid him. But he never says a word against anyone. He comes to Yegor who is from his own village. The man is a coachman with a rich merchant. He starts boasting of his honesty and faithfulness towards his master. He says that his master would gladly take him back if ever he had to leave him. Thus, he indirectly blames Gerasim because his previous master has refused to take him back. Gerasim listens to all this with downcast eyes. This shows his humility. His humility shows itself at the end of the story also. He has come to know how wicked Yegor is. Yet he says nothing when Yegor calls him an idiot. Truly, Gerasim is a very humble young man.
Q. 10. Write a character-sketch of Gerasim.
Ans. Gerasim is a very humble character. His humility is reflected all through the story. He is kind, loving and simple-hearted. He is self-sacrificing and a man of few words. He fails to get any job in Moscow. His friends begin to avoid him. But he never says a word against anyone. He comes to know how wicked Yegor is. Yet he says nothing when Yegor calls him an idiot. At the end of the story, we come to know what a good heart he has. He overhears the conversation between the old couple. He realises what misfortune he would be bringing for the old couple. It makes him sick at heart. He goes back to Yegor. He thanks him for all the trouble he has taken for him, but says, “I don’t want the place. I will look for another one for myself.” Truly, Gerasim has a heart of gold.
Q. 11. What are the major themes of the story?
Ans. One major theme of the story, ‘The Servant’, is that selfishness hardens our soul and makes it blind to the difference between good and bad. A selfish person doesn’t mind using even bad means to achieve his end. On the other hand, a conscientious person never uses bad means for any purpose. For him, ends never justify the means. Only good means can justify a good end. The writer has brought out the theme through a contrast between the characters of Gerasim and the coachman, Yegor. No doubt, the coachman helps Gerasim get a job with his master. But all his actions show more of his cunning than helpfulness. And the contrast between the two becomes very clear at the end of the story when Gerasim overhears the old couple’s conversation and refuses to take their place. Yegor flies into a rage and calls him an idiot. We see a devil in one and an angel in the other.
Language Work :
1. Use these words in sentences to show the difference in their meaning: 
1. Everyone, every one.
2. Anyone, any one.
3. into, in to.
4. Whoever, who ever.
5. Indifferent, in different
Ans. 1. You can’t please everyone.
Each /Every one of the stories is interesting.
2. Anyone can come and see me.
You can have any one of these books.
3. The fox fell into the well.
He came in to see me.
4. Whoever wins, will get a prize.
Who ever could escape death?
5. He is indifferent to his health.
We study in different schools.
2. Rearrange the words to form meaningful sentences :
1. walked / I / the / through / garden / into the / house.
2. Matilda /a/ rich / had / friend / name / was / whose / Mme Forestier.
3. why / Matilda / unhappy / was ?
4. Sulekha / the / was / fourth / of / Numberdar / daughter / Ramlal.
5. teacher / took / Bholi’s / special / in / her / interest.
6. heart / her / throbbing / was / a new / hope / with / and / a new / life.
7. tree / of /a / killing / is / a / process / painful.
8. a / episode / curious / occured / in / the / study.
9. was/a / Griffin / scientist / lawless.
10. took / only / it / minute / Griffin / a / to / off / throw / bandages / whiskers / spectacles / and.
Ans. 1. I walked into the house through the garden.
2. Matilda had a rich friend whose name was Mme Forestier.
3. Why was Matilda unhappy ?
4. Sulekha was the fourth daughter of Numberdar Ramlal.
5. Bholi’s teacher took special interest in her.
6. Her heart was throbbing with a new hope and a new life.
7. Killing of a tree is a painful process.
8. A curious episode occured in the study.
9. Griffin was a lawless scientist.
10. It took Griffin only a minute to throw off bandages, whiskers and spectacles.
Writing Work:
Q. Compare and contrast the characters of Gerasim and the coachman. 
Ans. Gerasim and the coachman have only one thing in common. They are from the same village. But in their character, they are poles apart. One is the opposite of the other. Gerasim is humble. The coachman is proud. Gerasim is simple-hearted; the coachman is cunning. Gerasim is kind and loving; the coachman is unfeeling and hard-hearted. Gerasim is self-sacrificing; coachman is selfish. Gerasim is a man of few words; the coachman has a glib tongue. And lastly, Gerasim is soft-spoken; the coachman is abusive. All these points of contrast can be seen at every step in the story. Gerasim frankly admits that his previous master has refused to take him back. The coachman at once takes it to mean that Gerasim had not been honest and faithful to his master. And he gives a proud description of his own honesty and faithfulness. No doubt, he helps Gerasim to get a job with his master. But whole of the episode shows more of his cunning than helpfulness. And the contrast becomes very clear at the end of the story when Gerasim overhears the old couple’s conversation and refuses to take their place. Yegor flies into a rage and calls him an idiot. We see a devil in one and an angel in the other.
Discussion :
Imagine you have been working somewhere and you lost your job. Where would you like to go and why? And what would you do there?
Ans. I would go anywhere to get a suitable job. But I would never beg for anyone’s favour. I would like to have the job on my own merit and not on anyone’s recommendation. I would go to my old employer also if he had no complaint against me. There too, I would not accept the job at anyone else’s cost. I always want to be happy and light-hearted at the place of my work. This can be possible only if I get the job that I really deserve.
PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE 1
“That’s it. That’s the way you young fellows are. You serve your employers soso and when you leave your jobs, you usually have muddied up the way back to them. You ought to serve your masters so that they will think a lot of you, and when you come again, they will not refuse you, but rather dismiss the man who has taken your place.”
Questions
1. Who is the speaker in these lines ?
2. What does he say about the young fellows?
3. The coachman gave Gerasim a long sermon on ………………….. 
4. The workers who are not faith and honest ……………
5. Match the correct combination.
A B
(a) young
(b) back
(c) master
(d) refuse
(i) front
(ii) old
(iii) accept
(iv) servant
Answers
1. Here the speaker is Yegor Danilych.
2. He says that young fellows don’t serve their master well.
3. honesty and faithfulness.
4. are refused employment when they come back.
5. (a) young = old (b) back = front (c) master = servant (d) refuse = accept.
PASSAGE 2
“All the masters are so mean. They don’t think of anyone but themselves. It doesn’t occur to them that we work for them honestly and faithfully for years, and use up our best strength in their service. They’re afraid to keep us a year longer, even though we’ve got all the strength we need to do their work. If we weren’t strong enough, we’d go of our own accord.”
Questions
1. What does the speaker say about the masters in this passage ?
2. How, according to the speaker, do the servants work for their masters ?
3. The writer of this story is …………
4. Match the correct combination.
A B
(a) all
(b) honest
(c) longer
(d) strong
(i) dishonest
(ii) none
(iii) weak
(iv) shorter.
5. Give the name of the story.
Answers
1. He says that all the masters are very mean.
2. He says that they work for their masters honestly and faithfully.
3. S.T. Semyonov.
4. (a) all = none (b) honest = dishonest (c) longer = shorter (d) strong = weak.
5. The name of the story is The Servant.

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