JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions chapter – 6 Dusk
JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions chapter – 6 Dusk
JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions chapter – 6 Dusk
Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class English Solutions
J&K class 10th English Dusk Textbook Questions and Answers
Dusk Summary in English
It was the time of dusk and the darkness was increasing in the atmosphere. Norman Gortsby was sitting on a bench in a town park. A sad-looking elderly gentleman was also sitting there on the bench. After some time, the elderly gentleman got up and walked away. His place was immediately taken by a young man. The young man told Gortsby that he had come to the town that afternoon. He had to take lodgings at a hotel in an unknown locality. The young man said that he left the hotel to buy a cake of soap for his use, but when he turned his steps back for the hotel, he realised that he had forgotten where the hotel was. The young man said that he was left with only two pennies in his pocket and would have to spend the night on the pavement unless some nice person believed his story, and gave him a loan of some money. But when Gortsby asked the young man where his cake of soap was, the young man couldn’t produce any. He said that he must have lost it. Seeing that Gortsby had not believed his story, the young man got up from the bench and went away hurriedly.
Just after the young man had left, Gortsby saw a nicely-wrapped cake of soap lying under the bench. Gortsby thought that the cake of soap must have fallen out from the young man’s pocket while he was sitting on the bench. He cursed himself for not believing the young man’s story. Gortsby got up from the bench and started looking for the young man.
After much effort, he found the young man standing by the side of a road. Gortsby gave him the cake of soap he had found and also lent him a coin of one pound. The young man put the coin in his pocket, said a word or two of thanks and hurried away. Gortsby came back. While he was passing by the park, he saw a man looking for something under the same bench. Gortsby walked up to him and saw that he was the same elderly gentleman who had been sitting with him on the bench. When Gortsby asked him if he had lost anything, the elderly gentleman replied, “Yes, sir, a cake of soap.”
Dusk Summary in Hindi
कहानी का संक्षिप्त सार
सांझ का समय था और वातावरण में अन्धेरा बढ़ता जा रहा था। नार्मन गोर्टसबी नगर के एक पार्क में बैंच के ऊपर बैठा हुआ था। एक बुजुर्ग आदमी, जो देखने में उदास लग रहा था, भी वहां बैंच पर बैठा हुआ था। कुछ समय के बाद वह बुजुर्ग आदमी उठ कर वहां से चला गया। उसकी जगह पर एक युवक तुरन्त वहां आकर बैठ गया। उस युवक ने गोटंसकों को बतलाया कि वह उस नगर में तीसरे पहर आया था। उसे एक अनजानी जगह के किसी होटल में ठहरने का कमरा लेना पड़ा। युवक ने कहा कि वह अपने इस्तेमाल के लिए साबुन की एक टिकिया खरीदने के लिए होटल से बाहर गया, किन्तु जब उसने वापस होटल की तरफ़ अपने कदम घुमाए तो उसे महसूस हुआ कि वह भूल गया था कि उसका होटल कहां था। युवक ने कहा कि उसकी जेब में अब केवल दो पैसे बचे थे और उसे पटरी पर ही रात गुजारनी पड़ेगी यदि उसे कोई ऐसा सज्जन नहीं मिलता जो उसकी कहानी पर विश्वास कर ले और उसे कुछ पैसे उधार दे दे। किन्तु जब गोर्टसबी ने उस युवक से पूछा कि उसकी साबुन की टिकिया कहां थी तो वह युवक उसे कोई टिकिया दिखा न सका। उसने कहा कि यह अवश्य ही उससे कहीं खो गई होगी। यह देख कर कि गोर्टसबी ने उसकी कहानी पर विश्वास नहीं किया था, वह युवक बैंच पर से उठ खड़ा हुआ तथा तुरन्त वहां से चल दिया।
ज्यों ही वह युवक वहां से गया, गोर्टसबी को बैंच के नीचे अच्छे ढंग से लिपटी हुई एक साबुन की टिकिया दिखाई दी। गोर्टसबी ने सोचा कि साबुन की टिकिया अवश्य ही युवक की जेब से गिर गई होगी जब वह बैंच पर बैठा हुआ था। उसने युवक की कहानी पर विश्वास न करने के लिए स्वयं को कोसा। गोर्टसबी बैंच पर से उठ खड़ा हुआ और उसने युवक की तलाश करनी शुरू कर दी। बहुत यत्न के बाद उसे वह युवक एक सड़क के किनारे खड़ा हुआ मिल गया। गोर्टसबी ने उसे साबुन की वह टिकिया दे दी जो उसे मिली थी, और उसे एक पौंड का सिक्का उधार भी दे दिया। युवक ने वह सिक्का अपनी जेब में डाल लिया, धन्यवाद के एक – दो शब्द कहे, तथा जल्दी-जल्दी वहां से चल दिया। गोर्टसबी वापस आ गया। जब वह पार्क के पास से गुज़र रहा था तो उसे एक आदमी दिखाई दिया जो उसी बैंच के नीचे किसी चीज़ की तलाश कर रहा था । गोर्टसबी चल कर उसके पास गया और उसने देखा कि वह वही बुज़ुर्ग आदमी था जो उसके साथ बैंच पर बैठा रहा था। जब गोर्टसबी ने उससे पूछा कि क्या उसकी कोई चीज़ खो गई थी तो बुज़ुर्ग आदमी ने उत्तर दिया, “हां, श्रीमान्, साबुन की एक टिकिया।”
कठिन शब्दार्थ तथा सम्पूर्ण कहानी का अनुवाद
Norman Gortsby sat on a bench in the Park, at around thirty minutes past six on an early March evening, and dusk had fallen heavily over the scene. There was a wide emptiness over road and sidewalk, and yet there were many figures moving silently through the half-light, or dotted unobtrusively on bench and chair, scarcely to be distinguished from the shadowed gloom. in which they sat.
The scene pleased Gortsby and harmonised5 with his present mood. Dusk, to his mind, was the hour of the defeated. Men and women, who had fought and lost, who hid their fallen fortunes and dead hopes as far as possible from the scrutiny of the curious, came forth in this hour of gloaming, when their shabby clothes and bowed shoulders and unhappy eyes might pass unnoticed, or, at any rate, unrecognised.
A king that is conquered must see strange looks. So bitter a thing is the heart of man. The wanderers in the dusk did not choose to have strange looks fasten on them; therefore they came out in this bat-fashion. Beyond the sheltering screen of bushes and palings noisy, rushing traffic, marking the came a realm of brilliant lights and haunts of those other people, who held the steering of life in their own hands and did not give up so easily. So Gortsby’s imagination pictured things as he sat on his bench in the almost deserted walk. He was in the mood to count himself among the defeated. Money troubles did not press on him; had he so wished he could have strolled into the thoroughfares of light and noise, and taken his place among the jostling ranks of those who enjoyed prosperity or struggled for it. He had failed in a more subtle ambition, and for the moment he was heartsore and disillusioned , and not disinclined to take a certain cynical pleasure in observing and labelling his fellow wanderers as they went their ways in the dark stretches between the lamp-lights.
On the bench by his side sat an elderly gentleman who seemed to have lost interest in life. He looked defeated but refused to admit it. His clothes could scarcely be called shabby and he belonged unmistakably to that forlorn orchestra to whose piping no one dances. As he rose and vanished slowly into the shadows, and his place on the bench was taken almost immediately by a young man, fairly well dressed but more cheerful of mien than his predecessor. As if to emphasise the fact that the world went badly with him the newcomer unburdened himself of an angry and very audible expletive as he flung himself into the seat.
“You don’t seem in a very good temper,” said Gortsby, judging that he was expected to take due notice of the demonstration.
The young man turned to him with a look of disarming frankness which put him instantly on his guard.
“You wouldn’t be in a good temper if you were in the fix I’m in,” he said; “I’ve done the silliest thing I’ve ever done in my life.”
“Yes ?” said Gortsby dispassionately.
“Came up this afternoon, meaning to stay at the Patagonian Hotel in Berkshire Square,” continued the young man; “when I got there I found it had been pulled down some weeks ago and a cinema theatre run up on the site. The taxi driver recommended me to another | hotel some way off and I went there. I just sent a letter to consul, and then I went out to buy some soap, I’d forgotten to pack any and I hate using hotel soap. Then I strolled about a bit, had a drink at a bar and looked at the shops, and when I came to turn my steps back to the hotel I suddenly realised that I didn’t remember its name or even what street it was in. There’s a nice predicament for a fellow who hasn’t any friends or connections in London ! Of course I can wire to my people for the address, but they won’t have got my letter till tomorrow; meantime I’m without any money, came out with about a shilling on me, which went in buying the soap and getting the drink, and here I am, wandering about with two pence in my pocket and nowhere to go for the night.”
There was an eloquent pause after the story had been told. “I suppose you think I’ve spun you rather an impossible yarn,” said the young man presently, with a suggestion of resentment in his voice.
“Not at all impossible,” said Gortsby judicially ; “I remember doing exactly the same thing once in a foreign capital, and on that occasion there were two of us, which made it more remarkable. we remembered that the hotel Luckily was on a sort of canal, and when we struck the canal we were able to find our way back to the hotel.”
The youth brightened at the reminiscence. “In a foreign city I wouldn’t mind so much,” he said; “one could go to one’s consul and get the requisite help from him. Here is one’s own land one is far more derelict if one gets into a fix. Unless I can find some decent chap to swallow my story and lend me some money I seem likely to spend the night on the Embankment. Fm glad, anyhow that you don’t think the story outrageously improbable.”
He threw a good deal of warmth into the last remark, as though perhaps to indicate his hope that Gortsby did not fall far short of the requisite decency.
“Of course,” said Gortsby slowly, “the weak point of your story is that you can’t produce the soap.”
The young man sat forward hurriedly, felt rapidly in the pockets of his overcoat, and then jumped to his feet.
“I must have lost it,” he muttered angrily.
“To lose a hotel and a cake of soap on one afternoon suggests wilful carelessness,” said Gortsby, but the young man scarcely waited to hear the end of the remark. He flitted away down the path, his head held high, with an air of somewhat jaded jauntiness.
“It was a pity,” mused Gortsby; “the going out to get one’s own soap was the one convincing touch in the whole story, and yet it was just that little detail that brought him to grief. If he had the brilliant forethought to provide himself with a cake of soap, wrapped and sealed with all the solicitude of the chemist’s counter, he would have been a genius in his particular line. In his particular line, genius certainly consists of an infinite capacity for taken precautions.”
With that reflection Gortsby rose to go; as he did so an exclamation of concern escaped him. Lying on the ground by the side of the bench was a small oval packet, wrapped and sealed with the solicitude of a chemist’s counter. It could be nothing else but a cake of soap, and it had evidently fallen out of the youth’s overcoat pocket when he flung himself down on the seat. In another moment Gortsby was scudding along the dusk-shrouded path in anxious quest for a youthful figure in a light overcoat. He had nearly given up the | search when he caught sight of the object of his pursuit standing irresolutely on the | border of the carriage drive, evidently |uncertain whether to strike across the Park or make for the bustling pavements of Knightsbridge. He turned round. sharply with an air of defensive hostility when he found Gortsby hailing him.
“The important witness to the genuineness of your story has turned up,” said Gortsby, holding out the cake of soap; “it must have slid out of your overcoat pocket when you sat down on the seat. I saw it on the ground after you left. You must excuse my disbelief, but appearances were really rather against you, and now, as I appealed to the testimony of the soap I think I ought | | to abide by its verdict. If the loan of a sovereign is any good to you …….
The young man hastily removed all doubt on the subject by pocketing the coin.
“Here is my card with my address, ” continued Gortsby; “any day this week will do for returning the money, and here is the soap, don’t lose it again it’s been a good friend to you.”
“Lucky thing your finding it,” said the youth, and then, with a catch in his voice, he blurted out a word or two of thanks and fled headlong in the direction of Knightsbridge.
“Poor boy, he as nearly as possible broke down,” said Gortsby to himself. “I don’t wonder either; the relief from his quandary must have been acute. It’s a lesson to me not to be too clever in judging by circumstances.”
As Gortsby retracted his steps past the seat where the little drama had taken place he saw an elderly gentleman poking and peering beneath it and on all sides of it, and recognised his earlier fellow occupant.
“Have you lost anything, sir ?” he asked.
“Yes, sir, a cake of soap.”
नार्मन गोर्टसबी पार्क में एक बैंच पर बैठा हुआ था, लगभग साढ़े छ: बज चुके थे, मार्च महीने के आरम्भ की एक शाम थी, तथा उस स्थान के दृश्य पर घनी सांझ ढल आई थी। सड़क और पटरी पर एक चौड़ा खालीपन था, और फिर भी वहां अनेक शक्लें थीं जो उस धुंधलेपन में घूम रही थीं या बिना किसी का ध्यान आकर्षित किए हुए बैंच और कुर्सी के ऊपर कहीं-कहीं दिखाई दे रही थीं, उन्हें मुश्किल से ही उस सायों-भरे अन्धेरे में अलग से देखा जा सकता था जिसमें वे बैठे हुए थे।
यह दृश्य गोर्टसबी को भा रहा था और उसके वर्तमान के मूड से मेल खा रहा था। उसके विचार अनुसार सांझ पराजित हुए लोगों का समय होता है । पुरुष तथा स्त्रियां जिन्होंने संघर्ष किया हो तथा हार गए हों, जो अपने गिरे हुए भाग्यों और मरी हुई आशाओं को जहां तक हो सके उत्सुकतापूर्ण लोगों की नजरों से छिपा रहे हों, वे सांझ के इस समय पर घर से बाहर निकल कर आते हैं जब उनके भद्दे वस्त्र और झुके हुए कन्धे तथा उदास आंखें किसी का ध्यान आकर्षित न कर सकें, अथवा कम-से-कम बिना किसी के पहचाने रह सकें।
एक राजा जो पराजित हो गया हो, उसे अवश्य देखनी होती है अजीब शक्लें | इतना कटुतापूर्ण होता है आदमी का दिल । संध्या के अन्धेरे में घूमने वाले उन लोगों ने अपनी इच्छा से वे अजीब शक्लें अपने ऊपर बांध नहीं रखी थीं, इसीलिए वे इस तरह से चमगादड़ों वाले ढंग से बाहर निकलते थे । झाड़ियों और तीखे सिरे वाली बाड़ के सुरक्षादायक पर्दे के पार चमकदार रोशनियों और शोरपूर्ण भागते हुए यातायात (ट्रैफिक) का एक संसार था जहां उन दूसरे लोगों के अड्डे थे जो जीवन की बागडोर को अपने हाथों में रखते थे और इतनी आसानी से हार नहीं मानते थे। इसी तरह से गोर्टसबी की कल्पना में चीज़ों की तस्वीरें बन रही थीं जब वह लगभग वीरान रास्ते के पास पड़े एक बैंच के ऊपर बैठा हुआ था । वह स्वयं को हारे हुए लोगों वाले समूह में गिनने की मुद्रा में था । पैसे सम्बन्धी मुश्किलें उस पर भारी नहीं थीं, यदि वह ऐसा चाहता होता तो वह रोशनी और शोर वाले आम रास्तों पर चहलकदमी कर सकता था तथा धक्कामुक्की करने वाले लोगों की भीड़ में अपनी जगह ले सकता था जो समृद्धि में आनन्द अनुभव करते थे अथवा इसके लिए संघर्ष करते फिरते थे। वह एक ज़्यादा सूक्ष्म महत्त्वाकांक्षा में असफल रहा था, तथा वर्तमान की घड़ी में वह दिल में दुःखी और निराश था, तथा उसके मन में एक तरह की द्वेषपूर्ण इच्छा-सी हो रही थी कि वहां घूमने वाले अन्य लोगों को ग़ौर से देखे और उनका वर्गीकरण करे, जब वे लैम्पों वाली रोशनियों के मध्य रास्ते के अन्धेरे वाले हिस्सों में अपनी राह चले जा रहे थे ।
उसके बगल में बैंच के ऊपर एक बुजुर्ग सज्जन बैठा हुआ था, जो जीवन में अपनी रुचि खो बैठा हुआ प्रतीत होता था। वह हारा हुआ प्रतीत होता था किन्तु इसे मानने से इन्कार कर रहा था। उसके वस्त्रों को मुश्किल से ही गन्दा कहा जा सकता था और वह स्पष्ट रूप से ऐसे परित्यक्त वाद्य यन्त्रों में से एक था जिसके बजने पर कोई नाचना पसन्द न करता हो । जब वह उठा तो धीरे-धीरे परछाइयों में ओझल हो गया, और लगभग उसी समय बैंच के ऊपर उसकी जगह एक जवान आदमी ने ले ली, जो काफ़ी अच्छे ढंग के वस्त्र पहने हुए था किन्तु, जो अपने से पहले वाले व्यक्ति की अपेक्षा ज़्यादा प्रसन्न प्रकृति का प्रतीत हो रहा था । मानो इस बात पर बल देने के लिए कि संसार उसके साथ बुरा व्यवहार कर रहा था, उस नए आए व्यक्ति ने एक क्रोध-भरे और श्रव्य (सुने जा सकने वाले ) शब्द बोलते हुए अपनी भड़ास निकाली, जब वह धड़ाम से उस जगह पर आ कर बैठा।
“आप बहुत बढ़िया मिज़ाज में नहीं लग रहे हैं, ” गोर्टसबी ने कहा, यह देखते हुए कि उससे आशा की जा रही थी कि वह उस प्रदर्शन की तरफ़ योग्य ध्यान दे ।
वह जवान आदमी एक निहत्था कर देने वाले खुलेपन के अन्दाज़ से उसकी तरफ़ घूमा, जिससे गोर्टसबी तुरन्त सचेत हो उठा।
” आपका मिज़ाज भी अच्छा न होता अगर आप उस उलझन में फंसे होते जिसमें मैं फंसा हुआ हूं, ” उसने कहा; “मैंने सबसे बड़ी मूर्खता का काम किया है जो मैंने अपने जीवन में कभी किया है । “
“अच्छा ?” गोर्टसबी ने भावहीन ढंग से कहा।
“आज तीसरे पहर यहां आया था, बर्कशायर स्कवेयर में पैटागोनियन होटल पर ठहरने का विचार ले कर, उस युवक ने कहना जारी रखा, “जब मैं वहां पहुंचा तो मैंने देखा कि इसे कुछ सप्ताह पहले गिरा दिया गया था और उस जगह एक सिनेमा थियेटर बन कर चल रहा था । टैक्सी ड्राइवर ने कुछ दूरी पर एक अन्य होटल में जाने की सिफ़ारिश कर दी और मैं वहां चला गया। मैंने सिर्फ़ दूतावास को एक पत्र लिखा और फिर कुछ साबुन ख़रीदने के लिए बाहर चला गया, मैं अपने सामान में बान्धना भूल गया था और मुझे होटल का साबुन इस्तेमाल करना अच्छा नहीं लगता । तब मैंने थोड़ी-सी इधर-उधर चहल कदमी की, एक मद्यशाला में थोड़ा मद्यपान किया, तथा दुकानों को देखता हुआ घूमता रहा, तथा जब मैंने होटल की तरफ़ अपने कदम वापस घुमाए तो मुझे अचानक समझ आया कि मुझे इसका नाम याद नहीं था और उस गली का भी नाम जिसमें यह स्थित था । ऐसे आदमी के लिए बड़ी अजीब परिस्थिति बन आती है वाले लोग न जिसके लन्दन में कोई मित्र या सम्बन्ध रखने हों ! निस्सन्देह पता जानने के लिए मैं अपने लोगों को तार कर सकता हूं किन्तु कल तक उन्हें मेरा पत्र नहीं मिलना है; और इसी बीच मेरे पास कोई पैसा नहीं है; अपने पास लगभग एक शिलिंग लेकर बाहर आया था, जो साबुन खरीदने में और कुछ पीने में ख़र्च हो गया और अब मैं इधर बैठा हूं, अपनी जेब में लगभग दो पेन्स लिए भटकते हुए, और रात बिताने को कोई जगह नहीं है । “
कहानी सुना चुकने के बाद वह थोड़ा चुप हो गया, ऐसी चुप्पी जो बहुत कुछ बोल रही थी । “मैं समझता हूं आप |सोच रहे होंगे मैंने आपको एक असम्भव-सी कहानी बुन कर सुना दी है, ” उस युवक ने थोड़ी देर बाद कहा, अपनी आवाज़ में एक कुढ़न का भाव व्यक्त करते हुए ।
“बिल्कुल भी असम्भव नहीं, ” गोर्टसबी ने अदालती अन्दाज़ में कहा, “मुझे याद है कि एक बार मैंने भी बिल्कुल ऐसा ही किया था, एक विदेश की राजधानी में, और उस समय वहां हम दो व्यक्ति थे, जिससे बात और भी ज्यादा विचित्र हो गई । खुशकिस्मती से हमें याद था कि होटल एक तरह की नहर के किनारे पर था, और जब हमें वह नहर मिल गई तो हम होटल तक अपना रास्ता वापस ढूंढने के योग्य हो गए । “
इस संस्मरण ( पुरानी याद की गई बात) को सुन कर वह युवक खिल उठा । “किसी अन्य देश में मुझे इतना बुरा न लगता, ” उसने कहा; “आदमी अपने दूतावास के पास जा सकता है और उससे वांछित मदद ले सकता है। यहां अपने ही देश में आदमी ज़्यादा बुरी हालत में हो जाता है यदि आदमी किसी कठिनाई में फंस जाए । जब तक मुझे कोई ऐसा अच्छा व्यक्ति नहीं मिल जाता जो मेरी कहानी पर विश्वास कर ले और मुझे कुछ पैसे उधार दे दे, तो ऐसा संभव लगता है कि मुझे सड़क किनारे ही रात गुजारनी पड़े। तो भी मुझे खुशी है कि आप ऐसा नहीं मानते कि मेरी कहानी भयंकर रूप से अविश्वसनीय है।”
उसने अपनी अन्तिम बात काफी जोश में कही, शायद अपनी इस आशा को व्यक्त करने के लिए कि गोर्टसबी में वांछित अच्छाई की ज़्यादा कमी नहीं थी ।
“निस्सन्देह, ” गोर्टसबी ने धीरे से कहा, ” आपकी कहानी का कमज़ोर बिन्दु यह है कि आप वह साबुन नहीं दिखा सकते । “
जवान आदमी तेजी से आगे को हो कर बैठ गया, जेबों को टटोलने लगा और फिर छलांग लगा कर अपने पैरों पर खड़ा हो गया ।
“अवश्य ही मुझसे यह खो गया होगा, ” वह क्रोधपूर्वक बड़बड़ाया ।
“एक ही शाम को होटल और साबुन की टिकिया का खोना जानबूझ कर की गई लापरवाही को व्यक्त करता है, ” गोर्टसबी ने कहा, परन्तु वह जवान आदमी वाक्य को पूरा सुनने के लिए रुका ही नहीं । वह तेज़ी से रास्ते की तरफ बढ़ गया, अपना सिर ऊपर उठाए हुए और थोड़ी बुझी हुई खुशी का भाव बनाए हुए।
“अफसोस की बात यह थी, ” गोर्टसबी सोचने लगा, “साबुन की टिकिया लेने के लिए बाहर जाना पूरी कहानी में एक ही विश्वास करने योग्य बात थी, और फिर भी वही एक छोटा सा ब्यौरा था जो उसे दुःखी बना गया । यदि उसे पहले ही अपने पास एक साबुन की टिकिया रखने का चतुराईपूर्ण विचार आ गया होता, वो भी एक कैमिस्ट की दुकान के ढंग से लिपटी हुई और बन्धी हुई, तो वह अपनी उस विशिष्ट कला में एक अद्वितीय व्यक्ति साबित हो सकता था । उसके इस विशेष धन्धे में अद्वितीय योग्यता निश्चित रूप से इस बात में होती है कि सावधानियां बरतने की असीमित क्षमता हो ।”
इस तरह के विचार लिए हुए गोर्टसबी जाने के लिए उठ खड़ा हुआ; जब उसने ऐसा किया तो चिन्ता भरी एक चीख उसके मुंह से निकली । बैंच के एक तरफ ज़मीन पर एक अण्डाकार छोटा सा पैकट पड़ा था जो कि कैमिस्ट की दुकान वाले सुन्दर ढंग से लिपटा हुआ और बंधा हुआ। यह साबुन की एक टिकिया के अलावा और कुछ नहीं हो सकता था और यह स्पष्टतः उस युवक के ओवरकोट की जेब से निकल कर गिर गई थी जब वह बैंच पर धड़ाम से बैठा था। अगले ही पल गोर्टसबी उस संध्या के अन्धेरे भरे रास्ते पर तेज़ी से दौड़ता हुआ जा रहा था, उस जवान चेहरे की खोज में जिसने एक हल्का ओवरकोट पहन रखा था। उसने खोज करनी लगभग छोड़ ही दी थी कि जब उसकी नज़र उस चीज़ पर पड़ी जिसकी उसे तलाश थी, जो दुविधा में पड़ा हुआ सड़क के किनारे खड़ा था, स्पष्टतः इस असमंजस में कि क्या वह भाग कर पार्क के पार जाए अथवा नाईट्सब्रिज की चहल-पहल भरी पटरियों की तरफ जाए। जब उसने गोर्टसबी को अपनी तरफ आते हुए देखा तो वह अपने को |बचाने वाले विरोधपूर्ण ढंग से तुरन्त घूमा ।
“आपकी कहानी की सच्चाई का महत्त्वपूर्ण गवाह मिल गया है,” गोर्टसबी ने साबुन की टिकिया उसकी तरफ़ बढ़ाते हुए कहा, “यह अवश्य ही आपके ओवरकोट की जेब से निकल कर गिर पड़ी होगी जब आप उस जगह पर बैठे थे। जब आप वहां से उठ कर चले आए तो मुझे यह ज़मीन पर पड़ी हुई दिख गई । कृपया मुझे मेरे अविश्वास के लिए क्षमा कर दीजिए, किन्तु दिखने में सचमुच हर बात आपके विरुद्ध जाती थी, और अब क्योंकि मैंने आपसे साबुन का सबूत मांगा था तो मेरे विचार से मुझे इसके फैसले को भी मानना चाहिए । यदि एक पौंड का यह उधार आप का कोई काम चला सके तो…………..
उस आदमी ने जल्दी से वह सिक्का ले कर अपनी जेब में डाल लिया और इस तरह इस विषय में सभी सन्देहों को समाप्त कर दिया ।
“यह मेरा कार्ड है जिस पर मेरा पता लिखा हुआ है, गोर्टसबी ने अपनी बात को जारी रखते हुए कहा, “इस हफ्ते में किसी भी दिन आप पैसे वापस कर सकते हैं, और यह रही साबुन की टिकिया – इसे दोबारा मत खो देना; इसने आपका बहुत साथ दिया है । “
“खुशकिस्मती की बात थी कि यह आपको मिल गई, ” उस युवक ने कहा, और फिर अपनी आवाज़ में एक तरह की कठिनाई के साथ उसने धन्यवाद के एक – दो शब्द |कहे और बहुत तेज़ी के साथ नाईट्सब्रिज की तरफ़ भाग लिया।
“बेचारा लड़का, वह तो लगभग रो ही पड़ा था, ” गोर्टसबी ने स्वयं से कहा । ” और इसमें कोई हैरान होने की बात भी नहीं है। उसे अपनी दुविधा से बहुत राहत मिल गई थी। और मेरे लिए भी यह एक सबक की बात है कि मैं दूसरों को परखने में बहुत ज्यादा चालाकी न दिखाया करूँ।”
जब गोर्टसबी उस बैंच के पास से गुजरा जहां यह छोटा सा नाटक घटित हुआ था तो उसको एक बुजुर्ग आदमी इसके नीचे की तरफ़ और इसके इर्द-गिर्द सभी तरफ़ गौर से देखता हुआ और कुछ ढूंढता हुआ दिखाई दिया। गोर्टसबी पहचान गया कि यह वही आदमी था जो बैंच के ऊपर उसके साथ पहले बैठा रहा था।
श्रीमान्, क्या आपकी कोई चीज खो गई है ?” उसने पूछा।
“हां, श्रीमान्, साबुन की एक टिकिया । “
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Thinking about the Text :
Q.1. What was the atmosphere at the Hyde Park ?
Ans. It was an early March evening. Dusk had fallen heavily over the scene. The atmosphere was not so dark because of the moonlight and the street lamps. Over the road and the sidewalk, there was a wide emptiness. Yet, there were many people moving silently in the half light. Some sat on the benches and chairs in the park. They were hard to distinguish from the dark in which they sat. We can say that the atmosphere all around the park was dusky.
Q. 2. Do the atmosphere and the mood at the Hyde Park justify the title of the story ‘Dusk’ ?
Ans. ‘Dusk’ means that time of the day when the light has almost gone, but it is not yet dark. The story has also been placed in this very time of the day. It is about six thirty in the evening. Dusk has fallen heavily on the scene. This dusk is not on the physical level alone. It is on the mental and spiritual level also. Those who come to the park at this time of the day have reached the dusk of their life. They are those who have been defeated in their life. They are those who are no longer wanted or needed anywhere. They come to the park in a bat-like fashion. The movement of bats also begins with the coming of dusk. Thus the title of the story precisely reflects the mood and atmosphere at the time of dusk. No other title of the story could be more suitable.
Q. 3. Draw a profile of the person who first sat near Gortsby on the bench.
Ans. It was an elderly gentleman who first sat by the side of Gortsby on the bench. He seemed to have lost interest in life. He looked defeated. No one seemed to care for him. However, he refused to admit this fact. It was because he was a self-respecting person. He could never bow to anything or anybody. His clothes were not shabby. But one could not call them fine also. He was a perfect picture of an old man who is no longer cared for by anyone at home. It was because he was in the dusk of life.
Q. 4. What, according to Gortsby, was the weak point of the young man’s story?
Ans. The young man said that he was a newcomer to the town. He had left his hotel to buy a cake of soap. He had only a shilling in his pocket. He spent it on buying the soap and having a drink for himself. Then he turned his steps back to his hotel. Suddenly, he realized that he had forgotten the name of his hotel and the street where it was. Gortsby at once understood that it was all a made-up story. He asked the young man to show him the cake he had bought. The young man pretended to show that he had lost it. Gortsby called it the weak point of the young man’s story.
Q. 5. While walking back to his seat in the park, what did Gortsby see?
Ans. As Gortsby walked back to his seat in the park, he saw an elderly gentleman. The old man seemed to be looking for something. He was poking and peering under the bench. Gortsby saw that it was the same old man who had been sitting by his side on the bench that evening. He asked the man what he was looking for. The man said that he was looking for cake of soap. Only then did Gortsby understand the irony of the whole situation.
Q. 6. How did Norman Gortsby feel when he realized he had been fooled ?
Ans. The story doesn’t tell how Gortsby felt when he realized that he had been fooled. But I think he must have felt very very silly. We can’t say he had been fooled. The young man had, no doubt, tried to fool him, but he was not fooled. He knew from the very beginning that the young man was telling a made-up story. He at once found the weak point in the young man’s story. But the same weak point fools Gortsby himself. He goes running to find the young man, gives him not only the cake of soap, but also a sovereign. And when he comes to know of the real thing, he can do nothing but beat his head and laugh at himself.
Q. 7. What did Gortsby imagine about the people who visited the Hyde Park ?
Ans. Gortsby imagined that the people who visited the park were those who had been defeated in their life. They were men and women who had fought and lost. Their fortunes had fallen. Their hopes were dead. It was all clear from their shabby clothes, their bowed shoulders and their unhappy eyes. That is why they came to the park at dusk. The silence and the gloom of the atmosphere harmonised with their feelings. Gortsby compares them with bats who keep away from light and show themselves in the dark only.
Q. 8 Bring out the elements of irony in the story.
Or
What is irony ? Bring out the elements of irony in the story, ‘Dusk’ ?
Ans. Irony is a contradiction of expectation between what is said and what is meant or what is expected in a particular circumstance or behaviour. The main character in the story is Gortsby. A young man tries to fool him. But Gortsby proves too clever for him. He at once finds the weak point in the young man’s story. He proves that he is not a man to be fooled so easily. But then he is easily fooled when no one even tries to fool him. We can’t even say that Gortsby fools himself. All that happens is the result of an irony of situation. The elderly gentleman loses his cake of soap. He loses it at the same place where soon after a young man comes to sit. And then the young man also weaves in his story an incident of the soap. Lastly, www.ght Gortsby goes running to find the young man and give him the soap that never was his. All these are elements of irony in the story.
Q. 9. What is juxtaposition’? Has Saki been able to juxtapose humour and pathos in ‘Dusk’ ?
Ans. Juxtaposition means putting opposite things together to show the contrast. In his story Dusk’, Saki has juxtaposed humour and pathos in a very subtle manner. There is pathos in the description of people whose hopes are dead and whose fortunes have fallen. There is pathos in the description of the elderly gentleman to whose piping no one dances’. And juxtaposed with this pathos is the improbable story that the young man tells. We smile to ourselves when the weak point in the young man’s story is picked. And then we burst into laughter when the elderly gentleman says, “Yes, sir, a cake of soap.” There is both humour and pathos in the way Gortsby gets fooled.
Q. 10. Comment on the ironical ending of the story, ‘Dusk’.
Ans. Finding that Gortsby has not believed his story, the young man gets up from the bench and goes away hurriedly. Just after the young man has left, Gortsby sees a nicely-wrapped cake of soap lying under the bench. Gortsby thinks that the cake of soap must have fallen out from the young man’s pocket while he was sitting on the bench. He curses himself for not believing the young man’s story. After much effort, he finds the young man and gives him the cake of soap. He also lends him a coin of one pound. Gortsby comes back to the side of the park. While he is passing by the park, he sees a man looking for something under the same bench. Gortsby walks up to him and sees that he is the same elderly gentleman who had been sitting with him on the bench. Gortsby asks him if he has lost anything. The elderly gentleman replies, “Yes, sir, a cake of soap.” Thus we see that there is situational irony in the ending of the story. Gortsby realises how he had himself walked to that cheat and got cheated.
Q. 11. What are the major themes of the story, ‘Dusk’ ?
Or
Comment upon the major themes of ‘Dusk’.
Ans. Humour and pathos are the major themes in Saki’s story, ‘Dusk’. There is pathos in the description of people whose hopes are dead and whose fortunes have fallen. There is pathos in the description of the elderly gentleman ‘to whose piping no one dances’. And juxtaposed with this pathos is the improbable story that the young man tells. We smile to ourselves when the weak point in the young man’s story gets picked. And then we burst into laughter when the elderly gentleman says to Gortsby, “Yes, sir, a cake of soap.” There is both humour and pathos in the way Gortsby gets fooled.
Q. 12. Write the character-sketch of Gortsby.
Ans. The main character in the story in Gortsby. A young man tries to fool him, But Gortsby proves too clever for him. He at once finds the weak point in the young man’s story. He proves that he is not a man to be fooled so easily, But then he is easily fooled when no one even tries to fool him. We can’t also say that Gortsby fools himself. All that happens is the result of an irony of situation. The elderly gentleman loses his cake of soap. He loses it at the same place where soon after a young man comes to sit. And then the young man also weaves in his story an incident of the soap. Lastly, Gortsby goes running to find the young man and give him the soap that never was his. All these are elements of irony in the story.
Language Work :
Q. Use the following in sentences of your own :
1. youthful figure 2. shabbily dressed 3. decent chap 4. pale moonlight 5. stroll about 6. wandering about.
Ans. 1. He has a youthful figure but is a coward at heart. 2. He is always shabbily dressed and rarely brushes his teeth. 3. He is a decent chap and everybody loves him. 4. They sat talking all night in the pale moonlight. 5. I was strolling about in the park when he came. 6. He is unemployed and keeps wandering about the town the whole day.
Writing Work :
Q. 1. Write a short ironical dialogue.
Ans.
Gopal : We went to the river this morning to enjoy swimming.
Abdul : Very nice. How long did you swim?
Gopal : All day. There was no water in the river.
Abdul : Fool, then how could you swim ?
Gopal : You Fool, our eyes swam.
Abdul : Your eyes swam?
Gopal : Yes, with tears, Fool.
Abdul : So you enjoyed yourself with tears. Ha! Ha!
Q. 2. Do you approve of the behaviour and approach of Gortsby in the story? Explain.
Ans. Yes, Gortsby’s behaviour and approach in the story are quite natural. All his actions and reactions are quite natural. He proves himself a nice and intelligent person. He seems to have sympathy for all those whose hopes are dead and whose fortunes have fallen. He also proves himself a good judge of human character. He at once picks the weak point in the young man’s story and thus saves himself from being cheated. No doubt, he gets fooled at the end of the story. But the way he gets fooled only shows the goodness of his heart. It is none of his faults that he is fooled. We can only say that he falls a victim to the irony of the events.
PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE 1
Norman Gortsby sat on a bench in the Park, at around thirty minutes past six on an early March evening, and dusk had fallen heavily over the scene. There was a wide emptiness over road and sidewalk, and yet there were many figures moving silently through the half-light, or dotted unobtrusively on bench and chair, scarcely to be distinguished from the shadowed gloom in which they sat.
Questions
1. Where was Norman Gortsby sitting ?
2. Which word in the passage means ‘darkness’?
3. There was a wide ……….. on the road.
4. Many figures were moving …………
5. Match the correct combination.
A | B |
(a) sat
(b) past
(c) wide
(d) many
|
(i) narrow
(ii) few
(iii) stood
(iv) future
|
Answers
1. Norman Gortsby was sitting on a bench in the park.
2. gloom = darkness
3. emptiness
4. silently.
5. (a) sat = stood (b) past = future (c) wide = narrow (d) many = few.
PASSAGE 2
On the bench by his side sat an elderly gentleman who seemed to have lost interest in life. He looked defeated but refused to admit it. His clothes could scarcely be called shabby and he belonged unmistakably to that forlorn orchestra to whose piping no one dances. As he rose and vanished slowly into the shadows, his place on the bench was taken almost immediately by a young man, fairly well dressed but more cheerful of mien than his predecessor.
Questions
1. Give the name of the story and the writer.
2. Who was first sitting by Gortsby’s side ?
3. How did the gentleman look ?
4. He refused to admit that ……….
5. Match the correct combination.
A | B |
(a) lost
(b) defeat
(c) admit
(d) slow
|
(i) fast
(ii) deny
(iii) gained
(iv) victory
|
Answers
1. The name of the story is ‘Dusk’ and the writer is Saki.
2. An elderly gentleman.
3. He looked defeated.
4. there was no one to care for him.
5. (a) lost = gained (b) defeat = victory (c) admit = deny (d) slow = fast.
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