JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 1 Understanding J&K Economy

JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 1 Understanding J&K Economy

JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 1 Understanding J&K Economy

Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions

INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER

• Economy. The term economy refers to activities related to the production and distribution of goods and services in a particular geographical area.
• Measure of Economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the measure of the economy.
• Economics. The Science of using scarce resources for producing goods and services is known as economics.
• Sectors of the Economy. There are three sectors of the economy viz Primary Sector, Secondary sector and Tertiary sector.
• Primary Sector. This sector mainly deals with extraction or cultivation of goods from natural resources such as land, mines, water etc. and breeding of plants and animals.
• Secondary Sector. The sector which deals with processing and conversion of raw materials into finished goods is called secondary sector.
• Tertiary Sector. The sector which deals with providing support to the primary and secondary sectors in the form of bank, insurance, warehousing, any kind of servicing etc. is called as tertiary or service sector.
• The Economy of Jammu and Kashmir. Traditionally, Jammu and Kashmir economy has been an agrarian economy. However, over time many other sectors have also been contributing in the growth of State domestic product.
• Share of Sectors in the state Economy. The percentage contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of Gross State Domestic Product is 21%, 22% and 57% respectively.
• Economic Importance of Primary Sector. This sector provides livelihood to the 80% of the State’s population. The people engaged in the primary sector earn money by selling the agricultural and allied products for income and livelihood.
• Agriculture. It is defined as cultivation of domesticated plants. The main crops grown in the J & K state are rice, maize, pulses and wheat.
• Rabi and Kharif Crops. Rabi crops are winter crops cultivated from November to March and Kharif crops are cultivated in the monsoon season from May to October.
• Green Revolution : This is a broad programme launched by central government in 1967-68 to increase the productivity of agriculture. The programme was primarily started in Punjab and later extended to other states of India. The agricultural production was increased by using High Yielding Variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, irrigational facilities and machinery. The main intention was to attain the self-sufficiency in the food grains and to move from subsistence to commercialization.
• Forest. A large area of land covering trees and plants is called as a forest. Jammu division covers an area of 12066 sq. km., Kashmir 8128 sq. km and Ladakh division 36 sq. km. under forest.
• Importance of Forest. (i) Raw material for joinery and ply based industries (ii) Housing and Shelter facilities (iii) Source of large number of medicinal plants (iv) Willow is used for bat manufacturing.
• Rearing livestock. The livestock rearing contributes to the economy in many ways which include milk production and producing shawls from wool.
• Horticulture. It refers to that branch of agriculture which deals with the art, science, technology and business of growing fruit. Most fruits grown in J&K State are apple, pear, apricot etc.
• Horticulture Industry. It occupies a significant presence in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Fruits grown in J&K are processed to produce products like Jams and packed fruit juice.
• Floriculture. Growing and raising of seeds or flowers is known as floriculture. The tulip garden in Srinagar has been a big attraction for tourists in Kashmir.
• Sericulture. It is the sector which deals with rearing of silkworms and silk products.
• Fisheries. Fisheries raise fish through fish farming and aquaculture. Trout fish is widely consumed across the State of J&K.
• Minerals. Limestone, Silica, Gypsum, Coal, Sapphire, Marble etc. are the main mineral resources found in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Economic Importance of Secondary Sector. Secondary sector helps in converting raw material into finished goods which absorbs very large number of the population for employment and earning livelihood.
  Handicraft has been one of the important livelihood earning industry in the state which includes the manufacturing of carpets, shawls, wood carving, Ladakhi carpets, basohli paintings, Chenab Textile Mills and power generation.
• Economic Importance of Tertiary Sector. As economics develop the tertiary sector becomes increasingly important as with rising incomes, people avail more and more services. The tertiary sector involves banking, insurance, warehousing, post and telegraph, transportation hospitality, tourism and health etc.
• Tourism as a service sector in J&K. Tourism industry has always proved to be a huge source of income and employment to J&K State. World famous resorts in  Kashmir like Dal lake, Mughal Gardens, Verinag, Pahalgam, Gulmarg, Sonmarg, Gondola rides at Gulmarg, Shrines like Hazratbal, Amarnath cave. In Jammu famous tourist places are Shree Mata Vaishno Devi, Shiv Khori in Reasi, Shahdara Sharief in Rajouri, Budha Amarnath in Poonch, Shudh Mahadev in Udhampur, Kailash Yatra in Doda, Machail Yatra in Kishtwar, Places of natural beauty like Bhaderwah, Bani, Patnitop, Mansar lake, Religious places of Ladakh like Pangong Lake, Sculpture at Drass, Lamayuru Monastery, Hemis Monastery and Leh palace etc.
• Hurdles in Economic Development of J&K. (i) Poor Road Connectivity (ii) Lack of awareness about various kinds of employment opportunities (iii) Security problems.
• Rice Bowl of Kashmir. Anantnag district is popularly known as “Rice Bowl of Kashmir”.
• GDP. It is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

J&K class 10th Social Science Understanding J&K Economy Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks

True or False

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Milk Products. The dairy and milk products related business in Kashmir which are sold under the brand names ; like Khyber, Snow cap, Zam Zam etc, provide employment to a large number of people. Pulwama district in Kashmir has a dynamic dairy sector.
2. Wool. Different kinds of wool is produced in J&K state. The Pashmina wool is considered precious and is used in producing shawls which fetch good money for the people of the state.

1. It helps the state government by earning considerable amount in form of Royalty by leasing extraction sites to private entrepreneurs.
2. Mineral extraction creates employment for a large number of people.

1. Agriculture and allied sector.
2. Major crops, Livestock, Horticulture, Fisheries, Mining and quarrying.
3. Medium and small scale industries, handicrafts, handloom, tourism industry.
4. Banking, transport, hotels, hostels etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Conservation of biodiversity and natural habitat through preservation of natural forests with the vast variety of flora and fauna.
2. Rehabilitation of degraded forests so as to optimize their productivity and restore their potential to provide ecosystem goods and services on sustainable basis.
3. Poverty alleviation by meeting livelihood needs of forest dependent communities through sustainable supply of forest produce by improving productivity of existing forests, and through forestry activities, schemes and programmes.
4. Extending tree cover outside forests to reduce pressure on natural forests for supply of forest produce.
5. Checking denudation and soil erosion in catchments through integrated watershed management techniques and practices.
6. Maintenance of the health of forest vegetation and forest soils for augmenting water supplies through recharge of underground aquifers and regulation of surface water flows, sediment levels and water quality.
7. Optimally utilising the mitigation and adaptation potential of forests in the context of climate change.
8. Reducing pressure on forests through appropriate interventions including development of forest fringe belt into high production tree strips.
9. Utilisation of natural resources using best management practices including development of non-timber forest produce and institutionalization and operationalization of concepts of eco-tourism and nature tourism.
10. Creating a sustained people’s movement for achieving the aforementioned objectives, so that environmental security is ensured.

1. Fuel which includes coal, lignite, natural gas and petroleum.
2. Metallic minerals which include bauxite, iron ore, copper ore, lead silver ore, zinc, nickel ore, gold, chromium, sapphire, bentonite and some other types of ores.
3. Non-metallic minerals which include gypsum, limestone, sulphur, magnesite, slates etc.

1. Carpets. It is widely held that Sultan Zainul A bidun brought carpet weavers from Persia and Central Asia to train local people and soon after the carpet weaving industry in Kashmir attained proficiency and perfection.
2. Shawls. The Kashmiri Shawls are prepared from three kinds of fabrics i.e. Shah Tus, Pashmina and Raffal.
3. Wood Carving. Wood carving refers to creating designs on wood. Walnut wood is especially used for the purpose. The wood carved products may be sofas, chairs, tables, almirahs etc.
4. Ladakhi Carpets. Carpets weaved by Ladakhi people are popularly known as Khalidan and Tsukdan.
5. Basohli Paintings. Basohli is known for its miniature paintings. The themes of these miniatures are taken from sources of literature; like Rasamanjari, Gita Govinda and Gangamala.

1. Poor Road Connectivity. Connectivity to the constructed roads gets disrupted especially in winter due to heavy snowfall in the J&K region. The landslides in rainy seasons disrupt road traffic and sometimes the roads face total erosion. Thus, the state government has to spend great sums of money to clear and re-build the roads.
2. Security Problems. In the state of J&K there is absence of peace and security. It creates a situation of fear and uncertainty. People are not able to take proper decisions especially when it comes to income generating activities.
3. Lack of Awareness about various kinds of Employment opportunities. There is a marked preference of the people for government jobs. Such dependence restricts the involvement of people towards business.

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