JKBOSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Man-made Disasters

● Anthropogenic disasters—Man-made disasters.

● Elements of fire—Fuel, heat and oxidizer.

● Source of pollution—Carbon Monoxide gas.

● Environment—Surroundings.

● Population—A major source of environmental degradation.

● Industrialisation—A source of damage to ecosystem.

● Effect of Technology—Changed the life style of man.

● Chemical disaster—Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

● Industrial disaster—Fire and leakage of gas.

1. Man made disasters : The disasters caused due to negligence of man.

2. Examples of man made disasters : Stampedes, fires, accidents, oil skill.

3. Natural firestorms : Fires developed in forests.

4. Speed of forest fires : 15 km per hour.

5. Flammable fires : Gasoline, benzene, Nepura.

6. Environment : The surroundings in which we live.

7. Environmental degradation : It is the process by which the environment is contaminated and destroyed.

1. …….. gas is mainly released during the occurence of fire disaster.

2. Urbanisation, over population and industrialisation cause ………. .

3. A major chemical disaster involving leakage of Methyl iso-cyanate gas occurred at  ………. .

4. The frequently occuring disaster in the dry forests of J & K is ……… .

5. Development without compromising and the needs of future generation is known as ……… .

Ans.— 1. CO₂ 2. Pollution 3. Bhopal 4. fire 5. sustainable development.

Ans.— False.

Ans.— True.

Ans.— True.

Ans.— False.

Ans.— True.

Ans.— The usage of chemicals has increased manyfold for increasing crop yields, water purifications, painting of houses, washing of floors etc. But we hardly realize that these chemicals which are helpful to mankind can be harmful to humans and environment. Bhopal gas tragedy is an example of this disaster.

Ans.— Forest fires cause a great damage to plants and animals. In dry forests of J&K, fires have taken place at many places.

Ans.— Transport has been the cause of road accidents. A school bus was hit head on by a truck in Jalandhar. Vehicle to vehicle collision, negligent driving, low visibility and Bad road’s have been some causes of accidents.

Ans.— For longer than recorded history, fire has been a source of comfort and catastrophe for the human race. Fire is rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by the evolution of heat and light in varying intensities. Fire is believed to be based on three elements being present fuel, heat and oxidizer. Fire disasters can occur above the ground, (in tall buildings) and on plains, on the ground, and below the ground (in mines). Sometimes fire occurs in circumstances that are unexpected or unpredictable. Firestorms can be natural or human generated. Natural firestorms develop from forest fires. The basic requirement to ignite fire is that both air and burning fuel (grass, bush, leaves, branches, deadwood) should be dry. Even many trees are known to give out resins and wax like substances which provokes forest fires. Once started, forest fires are seen to travel as much as 15 km per hour and continues until there is a heavy rain or the burning material is for it.

Ans.— Degradation of environment is due to utilizing resources carelessly. It the process by which environment is containated.

Causes of environmental degradation

(i) Growing population

(ii) Changing lifestyle

(iii) Agricultural development

(iv) Industrialisation

(v) Solid waste

(vi) Pollution

(vii) Depletion of natural resources.

Ans.— Rapid industrialization has increased the hazard, risk and vulnerability of the human and the environment. The accidents in various types of industries like manufacturing, power production etc. and in storage and transportation of various hazardous materials used in these industries fall under in this category. Major Chemical (Industrial) disasters are low in frequency but are very significant in terms of loss of lives, injuries, environmental impact and property damage. Frequency and severity of chemical disasters has increased in last few years due to rapid development of chemical and petrochemical industries and increase in size of plants, storage and carriers, specially in densely populated areas. Chemical accidents can occur due to lack of safety measures, technical break down, or due to a human error. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy (spread of methyl iso-cyanate) is a typical example of this disaster.

(i) earthquake

(ii) landslide Alba

(iii) stampede

(iv) laudslide.

Ans.— (iii) stampede.

(i) 50 km per hour

Ans.— (iii) 15 km per hour.

(i) release of CO₂

(ii) loss of Bio-diversity

(iii) waste production

(iv) pressure on available land.

Ans.— (i) release of CO₂

(i) Kathua

Ans.— (ii) Doda.

(i) Bhopal

(ii) Delhi

(iii) Jammu

(iv) Srinagar.csúsipotes

Ans.— (i) Bhopal.

Ans.— Man made disasters.

Ans.— Forest fires.

Ans.— 15 km per hour.

Ans.— CO₂.

Ans.— Carbon Monoxide.

Ans.— Our surroundings.

Ans.— Stampede, fires, transport accidents, oil skill.

Ans.— (i) Storage of wood, dry gas

(ii) Non insulated electric wires.

Ans.— It is the process by which the environment (air, water, land) is contaminated.

Ans.— (i) Destruction of eco-system

(ii) Extinction of wild life

(iii) Loss of Biodiversity

(iv) Depletion of natural resources

Ans.— (i) If your clothes catch on fire: Stop, drop, and roll-until the fire is extinguished. Running only makes the fire burn faster.

(ii) If you are escaping through a closed door, use the back of your hand to feel the top of the door. Never use the palm of your hand or fingers to test for heat. burning as those areas could impair your ability to escape a fire.

(iii) Crawl low under any smoke to your exit as heavy smoke and poisonous gases collect first along the ceiling.

(iv) Close doors behind you as you escape, to delay the spread of the fire.

(v) Call the Fire Service by dialing 101.

Ans.— Growing Population : Population is the greatest resource of any country and a major contributory factor for development, and yet it is a major cause of environmental degradation. As we find, the rapid pace of population growth has led to excessive utilization of natural resources. Huge population also leads to huge production of wastes. The resultant outcomes are loss of biodiversity, pollution of air, water and soil and increased pressure on available land. All these have been putting great stress on the environment.

Ans.— (i) Industrialization : Rapid industrialization has been the foremost contributor to environmental degradation. The current pace of industrialization is resulting in the depletion of natural resources; like fossil fuel, minerals and timber, and contamination of water, air and soil. All these are causing immense damage to ecosystems and leading to health hazards.

(ii) Solid Waste : One of the major causes of environmental degradation is generation of solid wastes. Do you know that, all over the world people throw away 1000 million tons of solid wastes annually? If we pile up all this at sea level in the shape of a cone, a pyramid with circular base of one kilometre region, its peak would be higher than Mount Everest.

(iii) Pollution : Due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and the change in life style we are adding more and more of pollution into the environment. Adverse air and water quality can kill many organisms including humans. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries.

Ans.— 1. Industrial Accidents : Due to manufacturing defects, lack of poorly designed equipments these accidents are happened.

2. Chemical burns and exposure. Because of net properly contained & labelled chemicals with the names and subsequent handling etc chemical burns and exposures are occured.

3. Great Chicago fire. This happened in 1871 and a type of Industrial disaster. This was made more severe because of the heavy concentration of timber industry facilities, wood houses etc. al mood on

4. Because of dumping of mercury compounds in Minamata Bay japan Minamata disaster was caused.

5. Texas city disaster. Because of explosion is referred to the worst industria disaster in America.

6. Diamond Mine Disaster in United States.