JKBOSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 The Integration of Princely States : A case Study of Jammu and Kashmir

In August 1947, the British rule ended in India which led to the creation of two countries: India and Pakistan.

Indian Independence Act, 1947 gave princely states the liberty to remain either in India or Pakistan or remain independent. But Lord Mountbatten strongly, advised the princes that there is no third option of independence. Consequently, most of the rulers acceded to either India or Pakistan but the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir could not decide on time.

Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir needed more time to think and offered a stand still agreement to both India and Pakistan. In the meantime many events led to the accession of J&K to India.

Radcliffe Commission decided to give three tehsils of Gurdaspur district to India which aggrieved Pakistan. As a result, it interferred with the essential supplies to J&K.

Meanwhile in October, 1947, Pakistan attacked J&K and progressed towards Srinagar along the Jhelum Valley roads. This march was checked for some time by Brigadier Rajinder Singh.

Maharaja of J&K requested the Indian government for military help. Indian government agreed only in case if Maharaja Sign the treaty of accession. So on 26th Oct, 1947 Maharaja signed the instrument of accession and Indian military was airlifted to Srinagar which saved the state from going in the hands of Pakistan.

In January, 1948 India moved a resolution in U.N. regarding the occupation of J&K territories by Pakistan. Consequently, “The Karachi Ceasefire Agreement’ was signed between both the countries in 1949. But one third territory of J&K remained under the occupation of Pakistan which is called POK (Pak occupied kashmir).

After 1950, a Constituent Assembly was formed in J&K to make its Constitution. Consequently a Constitution was formed which came into force on 26th January, 1957.

1. Universal Adult Franchise : Right to vote given to the Indian citizens according to which all the adults of the country are free to caste their vote to the representative of their choice.

 2. Regent : A person appointed as the administer of the state in case if the monarch is minor or is absent.

3. Delimitation : The act of fixing the limits or boundary of an area for election purposes.

4. Integral : Not separate or continued within something.

5. Constituent Assembly : An elected assembly selected to make the Consti-atution of the country.

6. Pashtun : People living in southern Afghanistan and North Western Pakistan.

7. Economical Blockade : Blocking of essential supplies.

8. Dilemma : A situation in which one is to make a difficult choice between two or more things.

9. Ceasefire : An agreement between the two countries to stop fighting.

10. Paramountcy : Supreme power or authority is called Para-mountcy.

1. 1947 :  Indian Independence Act and formation of two countries India and Pakistan.

2. October 1947 : Pashtun Tribals attacked J&K.

3. 26th Oct. 1947 :  Maharaja of J&K signed the instrument of accession.

4. January 1948 : India moved a resolution in U.N. regarding the occupation of J&K territories by Pakistan.

5. May 1951 : A proclamation was issued convoking a Constituent Assembly in J&K.

6. Oct. 1951 : Constituent Assembly met for the first time.

7. 26th Jan. 1957 : The constitution of J&K came into force.

(a) Lord Mountbatten	Defence of Ladakh
(b) Yuvraj Karan Singh	National Militia
(c) Sheikh Abdullah	Regent of Jammu and Kashmir
(d) Kushok Bakula Rinpochey	Governor General of India.

(a) Lord Mountbatten	Governor General of India
(b) Yuvraj Karan Singh	Regent of Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Sheikh Abdullah	National Militia
(d) Kushok Bakula Rinpochey	Defence of Ladakh.

1. The meeting of the Defence Committee was held in Delhi in the year ……….. .

2. A unique feat in Ladakh was that of ………. who resisted the tripal attack of  Zoji-la Pass.

3. The two areas that fall in the territory of Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir are ……… and …….. .

4. The Instrument of Accession was signed on …….. .

5. Gilgit Agency was formed in the year ………… .

Ans.— 1. 1947, 2. Major General Themayya, 3. Gilgit, Muzaffarabad, 4. 26th October, 1947, 5. 1889.

1. Karan Singh was the regent of Jammu and Kashmir at the time of the signing of Instrument of Accession.

2. V.P. Menon advised the Defence Committee to provide military support to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

3. Brigadier Rajinder Singh was killed in an operation launched against the tribal invaders at Uri.

4. Maharaja offered The Stand Still Agreement to both India and Pakistan.

5. The Constituent Assembly of J&K met for the first time in October 1951,

Ans.—  1. False, 2. True, 3. True, 4. True, 5. True.

Ans.— The British gave princely states to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. However Lord Mountbatten told the chamber of princess in Delhi that there is no third option for them. Maharaja of J&K was undecisive about it. In order to get more time, he offered a Stand Still Agreement to both India and Pakistan on August 12, 1947. This agreement asserted to maintain Status Quo in all matters. Pakistani Government accepted the offer but India needed some clarifications.

Ans.— The Indian army played the most important role in pushing back the Pakistani raiders from the Kashmir Valley. After the signing of the Instrument of Accession by Maharaja Hari Singh, Indian Army was airlifted to Srinagar who successfully carried out the rescue operation. Subsequently a battalion of Indian army was flown into Srinagar valley as 161 Infantry Brigade. Lieutenant Colonel Dewan Rajit Rai, the commanding officer of 1 Sikh Battalion that was airlifted to Srinagar on 27th Oct, 1947 played a key role in this war. With a small escort, he headed for Baramulla town, fought bravely and checked the advancement of the invaders towards the Kashmir valley. Similarly many soldiers gave their lives in saving J&K from Pakistani invaders.

Ans.—  (i) A popular armed force was organized under Sheikh Abdullah called National militia. Hundreds of young Kashmiris joined it and provided an active serving to repulse this invasion. An exclusive women militia was also former.

(ii) Many local activists also played a role in it. Worth to mention is the name of Maqbool Sherwani, a political activist in Baramulla who frustrated the advance of the raiders by misleading them on their way to valley.

(iii) The Sikh community in Baramulla also organized themselves into Jathas (groups) and moved from one place to another to provide a stiff resistance to the raiders.

(iv) Pakistani invaders attacked Ladakh and Koshok Bakula Rinpochey formed the Nubra Brigade and rallied behind the Indian Army to repulse the Pakistani raiders.

Ans.—  In October 1950, National Conference’s General Council passed a resolution and recommended elections to the Constitution Assembly whose work was to make State’s Constitution. In may 1951, Karan Singh issued a proclamation to summon or create a Constituent Assembly on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise, election were held and elected members of the Constituent Assembly met for the very first time in October 1951. Finally the J&K’s Constitution came into force on 26th January, 1957.

Ans.—  Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

Ans.—  Do it yourself.

(i) Join India

(ii) Join Pakistan

(iii) Remain Independent

(iv) All of these.

Ans.— (iv) All of these.

(i) 1947

(ii) 1948

(iii) 1949

(iv) 1950.

Ans.— (i) 1947.

(i) August 12, 1946

(ii) August 12, 1947

(iii) 26 January, 1947

(iv) 26 January, 1950.

Ans.— (ii) August 12, 1947.

(i) Simon Commission to

(ii) Cabinet Mission

(iii) Radcliffe Commission

(iv) Cripps Mission.

Ans.— (iii) Radcliffe Commission.

(i) October, 1947

(ii) January, 1948

(iii) March, 1948

(iv) September, 1947.

Ans.— (i) October, 1947.

(i) B.N. Rau

(ii) V.P. Menon

(iii) Alladi Krishnamurthy

(iv) Baldev Singh.

Ans.— (ii) V.P. Menon.

(i) 1949

(ii) 1950

(iii) 1948

(iv) 1951.

Ans.— (i) 1949.

(i) British India

(ii) Pakistan

(iii) Srilanka

(iv) Bangladesh

Ans.— (i) British India.

(i) Omar Abdullah

(ii) Sheikh Abdullah

(iii) Farooqh Abdllah

(iv) Maharaja Hari Singh.

Ans.— (ii) Sheikh Abdullah.

(i) Kushok Bakula Rinpochey

(ii) Major. General Thimayya

(iii) Maqbool Sherwani

(iv) Bhai Kanhiya Singh.

Ans.— (iii) Maqbool Sherwani.

(i) 26th Jan, 1957

(ii) 26th Jan, 1958

(iii) 26th Jan, 1959

(iv) 26th Jan, 1960.

Ans.— (i) 26th Jan, 1957.

1. Since the time of Maharaja …………, all the educational institutions of J&K were affiliated to …………. university.

2. ………. accepted the Stand Still Agreement on 15th August, 1947.

3. Brigadier ……….. killed while fighting with Pashtuns.

4. …………. was grabbed by the invaders.

5. ………. is a legal agreement that allows someone to use a building.

6. ……….. lived in North Western Pakistan.

Ans.— 1. Ranbir Singh, Punjab, 2. Pakistan, 3. Rajinder Singh, 4. Gilgit, 5. Lease, 6. Pashtuns.

1. Maharaja Ranbir Singh signed the Instrument of Accession.

2. Maharaja Hari Singh offered Stand Still Agreement.

3. Pashtuns marched along the Jhelum valley road towards Srinagar.

4. General Themayya took a flying Jet to Zoji-la Pass.

5. The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January, 1957.

Ans.— 1. x, 2. √, 3. √, 4. x, 5. x.

Ans.— The British rule ended with the creation of two dominions of India and Pakistan.

Ans.— They were given freedom either to remain with India or Pakistan or to remain free.

Ans.— All the important Commodities reached J&K through western Punjab, now in Pakistan.

Ans.— He was a British lawyer best known for his role in the partition of British India.

Ans.— All the educational institutions of J&K were affiliated with Punjab University Lahore.

Ans.— Status Quo is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs.

Ans.— Radcliffe Commission awarded three tehsils of Gurdaspur district, viable land connection to India which aggrieved Pakistan.

Ans.— To save J&K from Pashtuns, Maharaja asked Mountbatten for help who helped only in case if Maharaja sign the accession treaty.

Ans.— The General Council of the National Conference recommended to constitute the Constituent Assembly.

Ans.— On the basis of Universal Adult Franchise.

Ans.— On 26th January, 1957.

Ans.— He was an Indian Civil Servant, Constitutional Advisor and Political Reforms Commissioner to the last three viceroys. He played an important role during integration of the princely states.

Ans.— It was a popular armed force organized under Sheikh Abdullah to safeguard Srinagar from the armed Pakistani forces.

Ans.— It was a political agency established in 1889 by the British government over the subsidiary states of J&K at its northern borders. Its objective was to strengthen these areas against the Russian advancements.

Ans.— In October 1947, Pashtun tribals attacked Kashmir. On Oct. 22, a large number of tribals entered Muzaffarabad and progressed along with the Jhelum valley road towards Srinagar. Their march was checked by Brigadier Rajinder Singh along with one hundred and fifty soldiers. They were about to reach Srinagar but other developments led to the arrival of Indian army and they were pushed back.

Ans.— Pashtun invaders tried to capture Kashmir but were stopped by the Indian Army. The invaders also tried to occupy Ladakh. But Indian Military and Air Force made a superior strategy and built up defence at Ladakh. Indian Army saved Ladakh but north of the region, Gilgit was grabbed by the invaders.

Ans.— National Militia was a popular armed force organized under Sheikh Abdullah to safeguard Srinagar from the armed Pakistani forces. Hundreds of young Kashmiris entered the group and provided an active service while helping to repulse this invasion. An exclusive women militia was also formed in which a self-defence corps was trained to use the rifles. It gave a platform to the women folk and brought them in the public sphere. Later on, men’s militia was eventually incorporated into the Indian Armed forces.

Ans.— When Pakistani raiders were advancing, Maqbool Sherwani, a political activist of National Conference in Baramulla, frustrated their advancement by misleading them on their way to Valley. He was publicly executed by the raiders for protecting the Non-Muslims including Sikhs and Christians in Baramulla. His sacrifice was glorified in the official accounts of the Indian Defence Ministry. His valour was recounted by National conference drama squad through the play ‘Shaheed Sherwani’.

Ans.— The Sikh Community organized itself into Jathas (groups) at Baramulla and moved from one place to another to provide a stiff resistance to the raiders. Sikh females disguised themselves as males and strongly resisted the raiders. Many Sikh Volunteers such as Bhai Kanhiya Singh, Bhai Mohan Singh, Bhai Ujaghar Singh, S. Budha Singh Khadnayar and others sacrificed their lives while helping the Indian forces in recapturing Baramulla.

Long Answer Type Questions

Ans.— In 1947, when the British left India, they divided India into India and Pakistan. Indian Independence Act was made with which all the treaties and agreements signed with Indian Princely states were lapsed. Princely states were given freedom either to remain with India or Pakistan or remain independent. But Lord Mountbatten, as the representative of the British Crown, called a special session of the chamber of princess in Delhi. They were told that they don’t have third choice of independence. Consequently most of the princely states acceded to either India or Pakistan. But ruler of J&K were in dilemma and were unable to decide the future of J&K within stipulated time period. To get more time to think, Maharaja of J&K offered Stand Still Agreement to India and Pakistan. On 15th August, 1947 Pakistan accepted the offer but India needed few clárifications on it.

Ans.— (i) The Case of Gurdaspur : Radcliffe Commission awarded three tehsils of Gurdaspur districts to India and this event aggrieved Pakistan and its authorities interfered essential supplied to J&K.

(ii) Tribal Invasion : In October. 1947 Pashtun tribals invaded kashmir and entered Valley along with Jhelum valley road and moved towards Srinagar. They were temporarily stopped by Brigadier Rajinder Singh along with 50 soldiers but they were killed. State forces also collapsed and finally Maharaja Hari Singh requested the Indian government for military help.

Lord Mountbatten asked Maharaja to sign instrument of accession before sending troops to Kashmir. Finally Maharaja signed the instrument of accession on 26th Oct. 1947 and military was airlifted to Srinagar which carried out rescue operation and pushed back the invaders.

Follow on Facebook page – Click Here

Google News join in – Click Here

Read More Asia News – Click Here

Read More Sports News – Click Here

Read More Crypto News – Click Here