JKBOSE 9th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 Geography of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh

● Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh UT’s cover the northern part of India, these UT’s also surrounded by neighbouring countries of China Card), Afghanistan (North) and Pakistan in (West). The southern boarder formed by Punjab and H.P.

(i) The outer plains

(ii) The Shiwalik

(iii) The Middle Himalayas

(iv) The Valley of Kashmir

(v) The Ladakh Region

(i) Alluvial Soil

(ii) Karewas soil

● The UT’s of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh were created on 9th August 2019.

(i) The Valley Floor

(ii) The Karewas

(iii) The side valleys

(i) Zanskar Range

(ii) The Ladakh Range

(iii) The Karakoram Range

(iv) The Aksai Chin Region

(v) Gilgit and Baltistan

(i) Sub Tropical Jammu

(ii) Temperate Kashmir

(iii) Arctic Ladakh, Gilgit and Baltistan

● The Kashmir valley is drained by River, Jhelum and Kishenganga. Their tributaries are Romushi, Doodh, Ganga, Sukhnag, Lidder, Sindh Nallah, Madhumali, Phuru.

1. The Outer Plains. : Extension of Great Indian Plains.

2. The Shiwaliks. Towards North of outer plains lie the youngest mountains of the sub continent.

3. Pahar : Local name of Middle Himalayas.

4. Karewas : Zone of uplands and are flat topped terraces

5. Wuddar : Local name of Karewas in Kashmir.

6. Bhangar : Old alluvium.

7. Khaddar. New alluvium.

Ans.— Major physical divisions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh are as following :

(i) The outer plains

(ii) The Shiwaliks

(iii) The Middle Himalayas

(iv) The Valley of Kashmir

(v) The Ladakh Region

Ans.— Kathua, Akhnoor, Hiranagar, Bishnah, Parts of Jammu city like talab tillo, Gandhi nagar etc. covered by the alluvial plains.

Ans.— Main features of climate of Ladakh are :

1. Ladakh experiences a very cold and dry climate.

2. Climate of Ladakh mainly characterised by great extremes of heat and cold with great dryness.

3. Ladakh region receives a little precipitation throughout the year.

4. Rainfall is in the form of snow here.

5. Summers are short and winters are long in the region.

Ans.— Lidder, Sindh Nallah, Madhumati and Phuru are the main tributaries of River Jhelum.

Ans.— Pir Panjal Range from South and West and the greater Himalayas on the east surround the valley of Kashmir.

Ans.— Main rivers and tributaries which flows through the outer plains of Jammu are :

1. Chenab-Bsantay, Ujh, Tawi, Manawar Tawi.

2. Ravi-Budhil, Nai

Ans.— Major soils found in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Union Territories are as following :

1. Alluvial Soil : The Jammu plains are mainly covered with alluvial soil. There are two types of alluvial soils found in the Jammu region.

(i) Bhangar (old alluvium)-Mainly free from floods and lie above the banks of the river.

(ii) Khaddar (New alluvium)-Lie in the flood plains of the rivers and are frequently in undated.

2. Karewas Soil : These are lacustrine deposits found near elevated plateaus in the valleys of Kashmir, Kishtwar and Bhaderwah tracts of Jammu Division. Karewas soils are coarse in the flanks of River Jhelum. Because of irrigation facilities, soil is greatly productive for horticulture crops mainly apple, almond and saffron.

Region Ladakh because of cold desert, lacks well developed soil profile. Some of the alluvial tracks are found on the Sindh river banks and its tributaries.

Ans.— The Jammu plains are mainly covered with alluvial soils. There are two types of alluvial soils found in Jammu region.

(i) Old Alluvium : Mainly free from floods and lie above the banks of the river.

(ii) New Alluvium : lie in the flood plains of rivers.

Ans.— Sindh, Naranag, Liddar and Daksum are the examples of side valleys and are important centres of tourist attraction. In Gurez the kishenganga valley is a famous side valley of the region.

(c) Plateau of Ladakh : Plateau of Ladakh constitutes mostly the northern region of India. This a huge arid table land located at a height of 5000 meters. This is a cold desert covered with mechanically weathered rocks. Ladakh plateau deprived of vegetation. River Indus flows through this plateau. Because of scanty rain and arid conditions do not favourable agricultural activities in this region. This is restricted to the irrigated tracks around river Indus that favours the growth of barley, grain etc. Siachin glacier situated in this region. Main ranges of the plateau are Zanskar Range, the Ladakh Range, The karakoram range, Aksai Chin region, Gilgit and Baltistan.

(i) 9 August 2019

(ii) 3 August 2019

(iii) 8 August 2019

(iv) 10 August 2019.

Ans.— (i) 9 August 2019.

(i) Trikuta

(ii) Pahar

(iii) Nallahs

(iv) Khada.

Ans.— (ii) Pahar..

(i) Chenab

(ii) Ravi

(iii) Tawi

(iv) Jhelum

Ans.— (iv) Jhelum.

Ans.— (iv) The Outer Plains.

(i) Tropical

(ii) Sub-tropical

(iii) Temperate

(iv) Arctic

Ans.— (iii) Temperate.

1. The UT’s J&K and Ladakh divided into five physiographic divisions.

2. Gandhi Nagar belong to outer plains.

3. The middle Himalayas have width of about 10-20 km.

4. The outer plains are highly fertile.

5. Jammu Division experiences temperate climate.

Ans.— 1. √ 2. √ 3. × 4. √ 5. x.

Ans.— Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

Ans.— Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

Ans.— China (in East), Afghanistan (in North), Pakistan (in West).

Ans.— Chenab, Tawi and Ravi Rivers.go

Ans.— Khads.

Ans.— Kathua, Akhnoor, Hiranagar, Bishnah etc.

Ans.— The Outer Plains.

Ans.— Towards North of Outer plains.

Ans.— 9th August, 2019.

Ans.— Towards outer plains north lie the youngest mountains known as shiwalik Hills.

Ans.— 20-50 kms wide.

Ans.— Dunes.

Ans.— The longitudinal valleys of Shiwaliks hills.

Ans.— Between River Ravi in Esat and Poonch in west.

Ans.— The Indus, the Chenab, and Jhelum.

Ans.— Basohli, Ramkote, Dansal etc.

Ans.— Pahar.

Ans.— K₂ or Godwin Austin.

Ans.— Nanga Parbat.

Ans.— (i) The Valley Floor

(ii) The Karewas.

(iii) The Side valleys.90

Ans.— Sindh, Narang, Lidder and Daksum.

Ans.— Kishenganga Valley.

Ans.— Ladakh region. 0007

Ans.— Zojila and Razdan Pass.

Ans.— River Indus.

Ans.— Drass.

Ans.— Siachin.

Ans.— Karakoram Range.

Ans.— About 72 km.

Ans.— Zanskar range.

Ans.— Between the Indus and shyok rivers.

Ans.—The Shyok River.

Ans.— From Hunza river in northwest to shyok river in the east.

Ans.—In the north eastern portion of Ladakh.

Ans.— Lingtze Tang Plain.

Ans.—Trans Himalayan Region.

Ans.— Karakoram, Western Himalayas, Pamir mountains and Hindukhush.

Ans.— Bicepo, Baltora, Batura etc.

Ans.—  Sub Tropical Type.

Ans.— A lake is a natural depression that filled with water and also surrounded on all sides by land.

Ans.— The UT’s J&K and Ladakh are divided into following physiographic divisions.

(i) The Outer Plains

(ii) The Shiwaliks

(iii) The Middle Himalayas

(iv) The Valley of Kashmir.

(v) The Ladakh Region.

Ans.— Karewas are deposits formed by Lakes. These flat deposits feature are ideal for saffron and fruit cultivation.

Ans.— Areas of older alluvium are called Bhangar. These lie above the flood plain. The newer and younger deposits of the plain are called Khadar. These are fertile areas.

Ans.— The major soils are:

(i) Alluvial Soils

(ii) Brown Forests Soils

(iii) Mountainous Soils.

(iv) Karewas Soils.

Ans.— 1. UT’s southern side covered with alluvial plains of River chenab, Tawi and Ravi and their tributaries.

2. Outer plain is an extension of Great Indian Plains.

3. The plain is locally known as Anderwah and Bajwat.or

4. Outer Plain is drained by streams of their tributaries such as a Basantar, UJh, Tawi etc.

5. This also dissected by several deep and shallow ravines (khads).

Ans.—The Shiwaliks hills lie towards the North of the outer plains and 20 to 50 kms wide and 600 to 1220 metres above the mean sea level. Several longitudinal valleys (Duns) lies to the north of Shiwalik hills.

Ans.— Duns are the series of longitudinal valleys those lies to the north of shiwalik hills.

Important Duns. Basohli, Ramkote, Dansal, udhampur and Sunderbani.

Ans.— In the elevation from 1800-3600 metres the Pir Panjal representing the Middle Himalayas. Local name of the Middle Himalayas in Jammu Division is called pahar sprawl between Ravi (esat) and the Poonch (west). The width of the middle Himalayas 10 to 60 kms. Through middle Himalayas the Jammu Srinagar National Highway has been carved out.

Ans.— The Physiographic divisions of the Kashmir valley are :

(i) The valley Floor

(ii) The Karewas

(iii) The Side Valleys.

Ans.— The valley floor is the Physiographic divison of kashmir valley. In this flood plain of River Jhelum sprawls from Khanabal (in South East) upto the Baramulla district (in North-West). This floor is a fertile agricultural tract and called food bowl of the valley.

Ans.—The Karewas are lacustrine deposists and are the unique features of Kashmir valley. Karewas are flat topped features ideal for saffron and fruit cultivation. The Karewas occupy about 50% of the total valley floor. The Karewas are flanked on one side by mountains while on the other, their gentle slopes touch the ground level or the valley floor.

Ans.— The famous side valleys of the Himalayan Kashmir are :

(i) Lidder Vallev

(ii) Sinh Valk

(iii) Lolab Valley

(iv) Kisheng nga Valley.

Ans.— The Ladakh Plateau comprised the following ranges :

(i) Zanskar Range

(ii) Karakoram Range

(iii) The Ladakh Range

(iv) Gilgit and Baltistan

(v) The Aksai Chin Region.

Ans.— This range extends from Hunza river in the north west to the river Shyok in the east. This range is known as the shinning crest of the earth.

Ans.— This range situated in the region of trans himalayas on the Worth west corridor of kashmir. This region is highly mountainous as called the home to some of the world’s high mountain ranges such as Karakoram, Western Himalayas, Pamir, Hindukush etc. The world’s highest peak K₂ located in this range.

Ans.— Glaciers. Biapo, Baltora, and Batura.

Rivers. Indus, Gilgit, Hunja, Shyok.

1. Sub Tropical Jammu

2. Temperate Kashmir

3. Arctic Ladakh, Gilgit and Baltistan.

Ans.— Kashmir valley has a temperate climate. It is due to hilly nature of area the main features of climate of kashmir are :

(i) Mild Summers

(ii) Vigorous and severe winters

(iii) Snow and rain in winter

(iv) A ugly and oppressive weather in July and August.

(v) The most pleasant spring.

July is the hottest month or Srinagar has mean temp. of 35°C. Summer has rainfalll heavy snow ocuras during winters.

Ans.— A Lake is a natural depression or a body of water lying on a hollow earth’s surface. It is surrounded by land on all sides. There are two types of Lakes. Fresh and Saline, natural and man made.

Ans.— The Ladakh Ranges. It lies to the south of Karakoram range between the river Indus and its famous tributary that is Shyok.

The Zanskar Ranges. This range is famous for its two river valleys. i.e. the Zanskar valley and Sooru valley. The area is very cold.

Ans.— The major physiographic divisions of the union territories of jammu & kashmir and ladakh are :

1. The outer plains : The outer plains is an extension of great indian plain and is alluvial in nature.

It stretches from river Ravi to river Chanab. Akhnoor Samba, and Kathua are the main areas of outer plains. It is locally known as Anderwan and Bajwant. Besides the Ravi & Chenab, the outer plains are drained by Ujh, Basantar, Tawi and Manawar Tawi rivers.

2. The Shivalik : These hills lie in the north of the outer plains and 20 to 50 kms wide and 600 to 1220 meters above the mean sea level. The shiwalik hills lies several longitudinal valleys to the north. Some of them are Basohli, Rankote, Dansal, Udhampur and Sunderbani.

3. The Middle Himalayas : In the elevation from 1800 to 3600 metres the Pir Panjal representing the middle Himalayas. Local name of the middle Himalayas in Jammu Division is called Pahar sprawls between Ravi (in the east) and poonch (in the west). The width of the middle Himalayas 10 to 60 kms. Through middle Himalayas the Jammu Srinagar National Highway has been carved out. Trikuta mountains with the famous cave of Vaishno Devi is located in middle Himalayas.

4. The Valley of Kashmir : Kashmir valley nestled in the north western folds of Himalayas. The width of valley between 40 to 60 kms. length is 130 to 140 kms. The kashmir vallley is divided into three physiographic divisions.

(i) The Valley floor : The flood plain of river Jhelum sprawls from Khanabal (in South East) up to Baramulla district (in North West). This is a fertile agricultural tract and famous as food bowl of the valley.

(ii) The Karewas : The Karewas are locustrine deposits and are the unique features of kashmir valley. Karewas are flat topped features ideal for safron and fruit cultivation. The Karewas are flanked on one side by mountains while on the other, their gentle slopes touch the ground level on the valley floor.

(iii) The sidevalley : The famous side valleys of the Himalayas Kashmir are Sindh, Naranag, Lidder and Daksum are major, centres of tourist attraction and for live stock rearing.

5. The Ladakh Region : The nothern most region of India constitutes by Ladakh region. This vast arid table land located at a height of 5000 meters. Ladakh is a cold desert and deprived of vegetation. Indus river flows through Ladakh desert. Due to this area favours the growth of barley and apricot fruit. The largest glacier Siachin on Karakoram range is situated here. The Ladakh plateau is comprised the following ranges :

(a) The Zanskar Range : This range is famous for its two river valleys that is the zanskar valley and sooru valley. The area is very old. World’s second most coldest place. Drass is found in this region.

(b) The Ladakh Range : It lies to the south of Karakoram range between the river Indus and its famous tributary that is Shyok. It forms a range in the Trans himalayas region.

(c) The Karakoram Range : This range extends from the Hunza river in the northwest to shyok in the east. This may called as the shinning crest of the earth. Almost the whole crest line is covered with perpetual snow with number of great glaciers crowling slowly down the slope.

(d) The Aksai Chin Region : This region lies in the N.E Ladakh and east of shyok river.

(e) Gilgit and Baltistan : This lies in the Trans Himalayan region on the N.W. kashmir valley. This region is greatly mountainous.

Ans.—The climate of UT’s Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh mainly controlled by the factors like latitude altitude and distance from the sea, prevailing winds and relief. Keeping in view that the influence of above mentioned factors, the climate of UT’s can be divided into the following climatic zones—

1. Sub Tropical Jammu

2. Temperate Kashmir

3. Arctic Ladakh, Gilgit and Baltistan.

1. Sub Tropical Jammu : Barring the highlands areas of Bhaderwah, Kishtwar, Gool Gulab Garh Poonch parts of Rajouri and Banihal, the rest of Jammu divisions experiences a sub tropical type of climate as being close to the Punjab plains. Jammu has tropical heat with monsoon rains and cool winters. Loo is local wind blows in the afternoon during summer season. July is the hottest and January is the coldest month here.

2. Temperate Kashmir : The valley of kashmir along with some hilly areas of jammu experiences temperate climate. The distinctive features of climate of kashmir are—

1. Mild summers

2. Vigorous and severe winters with snow and rain.

3. A muggy and oppressive weather in July and August.

4. The most pleasant spring.

July is the hottest month in which maximum temperature may shoot upto 35°C at Srinagar. January is the coldest month here. Rainfall occurs from mid july to mid september and heavy rainfall occurs during winter season.

3. Climate of Ladakh Division : Ladakh experiences a very cold and a very dry climate. A cold desert conditions prevails in this region. The climate is often characterized by great experiences of heat and cold, with excessive dryness.

Ladakh receives a little amount of precipitation throughout the year. Precipitation is mainly in the form of snowfall, January is the coldest month in Ladakh. Summers are short and winters are long in these areas.

Ans.— Major rivers of jammu kashmir and ladakh are as under :

1. The Jammu region is mostly drained by river Chenab, Ravi and Tawi and their tributaries the river chenab is formed of two main streams the Chandra and the Bhaga. The rise in Lahul (HP) and is called chanderbhaga before entering the territory of J&K UT. It enters J&K UT’s through Paddas region in Kishtwar. It drains the districts of Kishtwar Doday Ramban, Reasi and Jammu.

2. The valley of kashmir is drained by Jhelum Kishenganga rivers and their tributaries, Romushi, Doodh Ganga, Sukhnag, Tributaries of Jhelum and Lidder, Sindh, Nallah, Madhumati and Phuru.

3. The UT’s of Ladakh is mostly drained by Indus river and its tributaries. Main tributaries of Indus are Zanskar, Suru and shyok in eastern Ladakh and Gilgit, Hunza, Gomal are important tributaries of this river in Gilgit Baltistan area.

Ans.— Earth’s crust’s top most layer is called soil. This layer composed of weathered rock material and organic content that supports the plant life. Various types of soil groups are found in the UT’s due to varied climatic conditions. River valleys are composed with alluvial soils, brown forest soils and mountainous soils.

1. Alluvial soil : The jammu plains are mainly covered with alluvial soil. The region have two types of alluvial soils.

(i) Old Alluvium : known as Bhangar and lie above the banks of the river and mainly free from floods.

(ii) New Alluvium : known as khadar and lie in the flood plains of the rivers.

2. Karewas Soils : The Karewas are locustrine deposits and are the unique ferture of kashmir valley and kishtwar and Bhaderwah tracts of Jammu Division. In the flanks of Jhelum karewas soils are coarse and finer towards the central part. Because of irrigation facilities, this soil is greatly productive for horticulture crops mainly apple, almond and saffron.