Name and state the action and reaction in the following cases:

(i) firing of a bullet from a gun,

(ii) hammering a nail,

(iii) a book lying on a table,

(iv) moving rocket,

(v) a person moving on the floor, and

(vi) a moving train colliding with a stationary train.

Ans. (i) When a bullet is fired from a gun, a force is exerted on the bullet (action) and the gun recoil (reaction).

(ii) When a nail is hammered, a force is exerted on the nail (action) and the hammer experiences a reaction.

(iii) When a book is placed on a table, the book exerts a force downwards equal to its weight W (action) on the table and the table balances it by an equal reaction acting upwards on the book

(iv) In a moving rocket, the rocket exerts force (action) on the gases to expel them backwards. The gases exert an equal and opposite force (reaction) on the rocket due to which it moves in the forward direction.

(v) When a person pushes his foot against the ground backwards (action), the ground exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) on his feet which causes him to move forward.

(vi) When a moving train collides with a stationary train a force is exerted on the stationary train (action) and the moving train experiences an opposite reaction.

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