PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Agriculture Chapter 10 Beneficial and Harmful Animals in Agriculture

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Agriculture Chapter 10 Beneficial and Harmful Animals in Agriculture

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 10 Beneficial and Harmful Animals in Agriculture

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Chapter 10 Beneficial and Harmful Animals in Agriculture

→ 98% of Bird species found in India are beneficial for the farmers.

→ Friendly birds are Lapwing, Myna, Drongo, Blue Joy, Cattle Egret, Hoopoe, Owl, etc.

→ These birds eat insects and rats.

→ Rats damage crops to a greater extent.

→ Rats live in burrows.

→ There are eight species of rodents and mice found in the fields of Punjab Indian, gerbil, Indian mole rat, Indian bush rat, a soft furred field rat, short-tailed mole rat, house mouse, brown spiny mouse, field mouse.

→ Crops get damaged mainly at the time of sowing and maturity.

→ To catch rats, at least 16 traps per acre must be placed at different locations in the field.

→ Kill the rats by drowning in water and the interval between two trappings in the same location should not be less than 30 days.

→ Rats are given poisonous bait for killing.

→ Poisonous baits are made up of zinc phosphide, bromadiolone, etc.

→ Poisonous baits and dead Rats should be buried under the earth.

→ Poisonous baits are harmful to human beings, therefore the use of bait should be done carefully.

→ Rats are the prey for owls, kites, hawks, falcons, eagles, snakes, cats, mongoose, jackals, etc.

→ If zinc phosphide is to be used twice then the gap between j two uses should be atleast two months.

→ Rat killing campaign should be at village level.

→ Nearly 300 species of birds are found in Punjab, only very few of these are harmful to the plants.

→ The rose-ringed parakeet (Parrot) is a most harmful bird. It can damage nearly all the crops.

→ Pigeons, Doves, and Weaver birds damage paddy worth rupees 2 crores in a year.

→ Scarecrows and false gun-shots are used to scare the birds.

→ Hang dead crow on a stick in the crop field, this keeps the parrots, myna, and crows away.

→ Sow the less costly crops like dhaincha and millet near the costly crops to save the crops from birds.

→ Birds prefer millet and dhaincha and thus reduce the bird pressure from the main crop.

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Guide Beneficial and Harmful Animals in Agriculture Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Friendly birds are:
(a) Lapwing
(b) Blue Joy
(c) Drongo
(d) All.
Answers:
(d) All.

Question 2.
Rats eaten by an owl in a day.
(a) 4-5
(b) 8-10
(c) 1-2
(d) All.
Answers:
(a) 4-5

Question 3.
Where does red mattled lapwing (tatihri) make its nest?
(a) on ground
(b) on trees
(c) in water
(d) None.
Answers:
(a) on ground

Question 4.
Chemical used to kill rats is:
(a) Sodium
(b) Potassium chloride
(c) Zinc phosphide
(d) All.
Answers:
(c) Zinc phosphide

Question 5.
How many types of birds are found in Punjab?
(a) 100
(b) 50
(c) 300
(d) 50.
Answers:
(c) 300

Question 6.
Which bird makes its nest in the cavities of the trees?
(a) Hoopoe
(b) Red-wattled lapwing
(c) Cattle egret
(d) House sparrow.
Answers:
(a) Hoopoe

Question 7.
Which bird makes its nest on ground?
(a) Hoopoe
(b) Red-watded Lapwing
(c) Cattle Egret
(d) Blue Joy.
Answers:
(b) Red-watded Lapwing

Question 8.
Which bird makes its nest in groups on the top of the trees?
(a) Hoopoe
(b) Red-wattled lapwing
(c) Cattle egret
(d) Owl.
Answers:
(c) Cattle egret

Question 9.
How much damage is caused to sprouting wheat by rodents?
(a) 2.9%
(b) 10.7%
(c) 4.5%
(d) 1.1%.
Answers:
(a) 2.9%

True False:

1. Blue Joy has insects as its main diet.
Answers:
True

2. Eight type of rodents and mice are found in the fields of Punjab.
Answers:
True

3. Rose-ringed parakeet is most harmful bird in the field of agriculture.
Answers:
True

4. Zinc Phoshide is used to kill cats.
Answers:
True

5. Owl, Falcon are friendly birds for a farmer.
Answers:
True

Fill in the blanks:

1. Scare crow should be atleast ………………… higher than the crop.
Answers:
one metre

2. For trapping rodents place ………………….. traps per acre in the field.
Answers:
16

3. ………………………….. percent of total bird species in India are useful to agriculture.
Answers:
3. 98

4. ………………………. bird has a yellow beak.
Answers:
Cattle egret.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where does rats live?
Answer:
Rats live in Burrows.

Question 2.
Which species of rats are found in areas of sugarcane and wheat rice and bet areas?
Answer:
Indian mole rat.

Question 3.
Which rat is found in Kandi region?
Answer:
Gerbil rat.

Question 4.
Which rats are found in Kandi region?
Answer:
Indian Bush rats.

Question 5.
How much damage is done by rats at the time of sprouting and maturity?
Answer:
At the time of sprouting is 2.9%. At the time of maturity is 4.5%.

Question 6.
How much damage is done to peas by rats at the time of maturity?
Answer:
1.1%.

Question 7.
How much damage is done by rats in bet area at the time of maturity of wheat?
Answer:
25%.

Question 8.
How will you kill rats which are coming out of flooded burrows?
Answer:
Kill with sticks.

Question 9.
How many traps per acre should be placed for trapping rats?
Answer:
16 traps.

Question 10.
After how many days cages should be used again for trapping rats?
Answer:
After 30 days.

Question 11.
For how much area one kg of zinc phosphide bait be used?
Answer:
2.5 acre.

Question 12.
What is natural method to control rats?
Answer:
Rats are the prey for owls, kites, hawks, falcons, eagles, snakes, cats, mongooses, jackals, etc.

Question 13.
How many species of birds are found in Punjab?
Answer:
300 species.

Question 14.
What is the worth in Rs. of rice which are eaten by doves, Pigeons and weaving bird?
Answer:
Worth rupees 2 crore.

Question 15.
After how many days should the direction, clothes and location of the scarecrow be changed?
Answer:
After ten days.

Question 16.
How many rats are eaten by an owl?
Answer:
4-5 rats in a day.

Question 17.
For how many times a single pair of house sparrow feeds its chick?
Answer:
250 times.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What should we do to save birds around us?
Answer:

• We should plant conventional trees like, Banyan, Peepal, Kikkar, Tahli, Toot etc. around our living area.
• We should provide place for nests by placing wooden or earthen pots wherever possible.

Question 2.
Write about Neelkanth.
Answer:
It has pale blue abdomen and breast is rufous brown. It is of the size of blue rock pigeon. It feeds on insects. Its nest is in the cavities of the trees.

Question 3.
Write about Red-wattled Lapwing.
Answer:
Its head, bieast and neck are black in colour. It is bronze brown from above and white from below. It feeds on insects and snails. It makes its nest on ground.

Question 4.
How are the crops protected by using scarecrows (Darna)?
Answer:
See in above questions.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give chemical methods of killing rodents (rats).
Answer:
See above question.

Question 2.
Give mechanical methods to protect crops from rats.
Answer:
Following mechanical methods are used:

• Killing rats-After harvesting, at the time of Rauni rats come out from the flooded burrows which are killed by sticks.
• Using cage/traps-See above questions.
• Using bait-See above questions.

Question 3.
How traps and cages can be used to protect crop from rodents?
Answer:
Kill the trapped rats by drowning in water and the interval between two trapping in the same location should not be less than 30 days. P.A.U. has developed double chambered multi-catch trap with tunnel type entrance. Many rats can be trapped at a time. Place 16 traps for an acre at runways and activity sites of rats in the fields, also place traps in homes, poultry farms, godowns, stores etc. Place one trap for 4 to 8 square metre along the walls, comers of rooms, grain storing places and behind the boxes.

In cold stores wrap the traps in newspapers before placing. For catching rats pre-baiting is done. For this purpose put in each cage/trap bait consisting of 10 to 15 grams of bajra or sorghum or cracked wheat, which contains 2% of powdered sugar and 2% of groundnut or sunflower oil. This should be done for 2-3 days. Thus by using traps crops can be saved from damage by rats.

Question 4.
Why we should not kill birds useful for crops?
Answer:
Useful birds include insectivorous and rodentivorous birds. They feed insects to their young ones. Predatory birds; like, owl, eagle, falcons etc. eat rats and mice. An owl can eat 4-5 rats a day. These birds help the farmers by killing insects and rodents. We should not kill such useful birds.

Question 5.
What do you know about the precautions to be taken during the uses of poison bait?
Answer:

• Poison bait should be kept away from the reach of children, domestic animals, pets and birds.
• Save the mouth, eyes and skin from the poison b&t.
• Never use household utensils for the preparation of poison bait.
• Use polythene bags for storage and carrying these poison baits. Bury them after use.
• Collect and burry the left over poison bait and the dead rats aways from the field.

Question 6.
How will you identify the woodpecker?
Answer:
It has a long beak, which has a little bend. It has lines on its feathers, body and tail of white and black colour. It has cockscomb also.

Agriculture Guide for Class 10 PSEB Beneficial and Harmful Animals in Agriculture Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one-two words:

Question 1.
How many species of rodents are there in Punjab?
Answer:
8 types.

Question 2.
In which area of Punjab Indian bush rat is found?
Answer:
Dry and sandy areas.

Question 3.
How much damage is caused to germinating winter maize by rodents?
Answer:
10.7%.

Question 4.
At how many locations poison bait should be placed in one acre?
Answer:
At 40 locations at the rate of 10 grams of bait at a point

Question 5.
Name the two reodent eating beneficial birds.
Answer:
Owl and eagle.

Question 6.
Name the bird causing maximum damage to crops. Or Which is the most harmful bird in agriculture?
Answer:
Parrot (Rose ringed parakeet)

Question 7.
How much should be the height of scare crow from the crop?
Answer:
One metre more than the height of crop.

Question 8.
Name any one chemical used for killing rodents.
Answer:
Zinc phosphide.

Question 9.
Where does lapwing make its nest?
Answer:
On the ground.

Question 10.
What does Hoopoe eat its diet?
Answer:
Insects.

(B) Answer in one-two sentences:

Question 1.
Why we need to protect the agricultural products from harmful animals?
Answer:
Development in the agriculture field can be maintained if agriculture produce is stored properly and protected from harmful animals, birds etc. It is necessary to protect the produce from the pests.

Question 2.
Describe the method of pre-baiting for rodents.
Answer:
To trap more rodents it becomes necessary to prebait the rodents. For this purpose place bait in each cage consisting of 10 to 15 gram pearl millet, sorghum or cracked wheat, which contains two per cent of powdered sugar and two ppr cent of groundnut or sunflower oil, for 2-3 days.

Question 3.
How to reduce the ill effect of Bromadiolone in human being?
Answer:
Effect of bromadiolone can be reduced by using vitamin K as antidote. Use this vitamin under the supervision of ajdoctor.

Question 4.
How the anti rat campaign can help in eradication of rats at village level? .
Answer:
It is of no use to eradicate rats in a smaller area. Because rats will come again from the neighbouring field or area. To get best results there should be rat killing campaign at village level. Under this campaign rodents are killed collectively in whole of the village at all the locations e.g. in orchards, in cultivated, uncultivated, forestry land etc.

Question 5.
What do you mean by scarecrow? What is its role in crop protection?
Answer:
Take a small pitcher, draw human face on it using colour. This pitcher is made to hang on the sticks fixed vertically in the fields. Put on human clothes on this structure. This is known as scarecrow. Birds consider this structure as human being and do not come to the field.

Question 6.
How the oil seed crop can be protected from parakeet damage?
Answer:
Parrot has little communal association with crows. Therefore to keep the parrots away from the fields, hang 1-2 dead crows/their dumies at sites of frequent bird damage. This way we can protect oilseed crops from parrots.

Question 7.
Why the crop should not be sown at the place having dense trees?
Answer:
Birds have their nests on the trees. If maize and sunflower crops are sown near such sites where birds come and go very easily and very frequently then birds can easily damage the crop. Therefore, crop should not be sown near the places having dense trees.

Question 8.
How the beneficial birds help farmers in protecting the crops?
Answer:
Rats are the prey for owls, hawks, falcon, eagles etc. Birds like drongos, blue joy, cattle egret, lapwings etc. are insects eating birds. These eat many of the harmful insects from the fields.

Question 9.
How do you identify the Cattle Egret?
Answer:
It is a white coloured bird and its beak is yellow. This bird is seen preying on insects behind the tractor or oxen during ploughing.

Question 10.
What do you know about the precautions to be taken during use of poisonous bait?
Answer:
Precautions while-using poisonous baits:

• Use a stick or Khurpa for mixing the ingredients of bait while preparing. Otherwise use rubber gloves. Protect eyes, nose and mouth from the bait;
• Keep rodenticides and poisonous bait away from the reach of children and domestic animals.
• Never prepare baits in household utensils.
• Use polythene bags for carrying baits and after use bury these bags under the earth.
• Killed rats along with baits should be buried deep under the earth.
• Zinc phosphide is very poisonous for humans. In case of accidental ingestion induce vomitting by inserting fingers in the mouth upto throat and rash to doctor.

(C) Answer in five-six sentences:

Question 1.
How many types of rodents are there in Punjab? Describe the rodent species found in various areas of Punjab.
Answer:
In Punjab there are 8 species of rats and mice. Indian gerbil, Indian bush rat, Indian mole rat, soft furred field rat, short tailed mole rat, house mouse, brown spiny mouse, field mouse. The Indian mole rat can damage sugarcane and rice-wheat at the time of germinating. Indian mole rat is found mostly in bet area whereas Indian gerbil and Indian bush rat are found in Kandi region (district Hoshiarpur)

Question 2.
Describe the two methods of preparation of poisonous bait.
Answer:
1. 2% zinc phosphide bait:
Take 1 kg of bajra or sorghum or cracked wheat with 20 gram of vegetable oil (sunflower or groundnut oil), and 25 gram of zinc phosphide. Mix all these materials thoroughly. Always prepare fresh bait and never add water to this bait.

2. 0.005% Bromadiolone bait:
Take 20 gram of vegetable oil, (sunflower or groundnut oil), 20 gram powdered sugar and 20 gram bromadiolone powder and 1 kg of cracked wheat or any other cereal flour. Mix this material properly, bait is ready for use.

Question 3.
How to manage rodents by integrated management methods?
Answer:
Using only one method to control rats is not very effective. Rats multiply themselves quickly by giving birth to offsprings. Therefore, use more than one method to kill rats. Rats coming out from flooded burrows should be killed using sticks. After sowing of a crop use chemical methods to kill rats. After pre-baiting also put some gas tablets in the burrows. After zinc phosphide if needed use bromadiolone.

Question 4.
Describe the traditional methods used for protection of crops from birds.
Answer:

• Sow Dhaincha and Bajra near the costly crops to save the crops from birds. Birds like to eat bajra and dhaincha. Birds prefer these crops as their feed and main crop is saved.
• Do not sow crops like sunflower near the places where birds usually visit e.g. near the electricity wires and near the dense trees.
• To save maize and sunflower from Parrots, sow these crops at least in two-three acres of area. Parrots do not go inside the crop and does not harm the crop to large extent.

Question 5.
Describe the mechanical method of protecting crop from birds.
Answer:
1. Making explosions: Make false gun shots at different time intervals to scare the birds.

2. Using scarecrow:
Take a small pitcher, draw human face on it using colour. This pitcher is made to hang on the sticks fixed vertically in the fields. Put on human clothes on this structure. This is known as scarecrow. Birds consider this structure as human being and do not come to the field.

3. Hanging dead crows:
Parrot has little communal association with crows. Therefore, to keep the parrots away from the fields, hang 1-2 dead crows/their dumies at sites of frequent bird damage. This way we protect oilseed crops from parrots.

4. Using rope-crackers:
Tie fire crackers on a rope at 6-8 inch distance. Ignite the lower end of the rope. Explosions caused by fire crackers at different intervals scare the birds and the birds fly away. Fix the rope in the centre at the time of germination and at the boundaries of the field at the time of maturity.

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