PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Agriculture Chapter 2 Punjab Agricultural University: A Lighthouse of Scientific Knowledge of Farming

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Agriculture Chapter 2 Punjab Agricultural University: A Lighthouse of Scientific Knowledge of Farming

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 2 Punjab Agricultural University: A Lighthouse of Scientific Knowledge of Farming

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Chapter 2 Punjab Agricultural University: A Lighthouse of Scientific Knowledge of Farming

→ Research and education in agriculture started in 1906 in Punjab with the establishment of Agriculture College and Research Institute Lyallpur, which is now in Faislabad Pakistan.

→ Research work in Punjab started at Agriculture College Ludhiana in 1957, which was upgraded to Punjab Agricultural University in 1962.

→ Two University campuses were at Ludhiana and Hissar at that time.

→ The third campus was established at Palampur in 1966.

→ These three campuses were changed into universities in the three states, Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

→ At the time of the establishment of P.A.U. there were five colleges College of Agriculture, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Agriculture Engineering, College of Home Science, and College of Veterinary Science.

→ College of Veterinary Science has converted into Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University in the year 2005.

→ The first agricultural university of the nation was established in 1960 at Pant Nagar (Uttar Pradesh), the Second was at Bhubaneshwar, Odisha in 1961, and the third Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in 1962.

→ P.A.U. established closed ties with the international maize and wheat development centre (CIMMYT) of Mexico for research on wheat.

→ For research on rice, P.A.U. permanently established close ties with the international rice research institute, Manila (Philippines), IRRI.

→ Varieties of wheat like Kalyan Sona, W.L. 711; of rice P.R. 106; of maize Vijay, played an important role in bringing green revolution.

→ Nobel prize winner and father of dwarf variety of wheat Dr. Norman E. Borlaug had a permanent association with the university which he kept for the whole of his life.

→ Dr. Gurdev Singh Khush was a PAU alumnus, developed high-yielding dwarf varieties of rice.

→ P.A.U. organised Kisan Mela in 1967 for the first time.

→ University has developed 730 varieties of crops, fruits, flowers, and vegetables till the year 2013.

→ The yield of wheat and rice was 12 and 15 quintal per hectare respectively in the year 1960-61, which now has increased to 51 to 60 quintal respectively.

→ P.A.U. has developed a hybrid of Bajra (pearl millet) H.B.-1 first of its type in the world, and single cross hybrid paras of maize, first of its type in the country, and first hybrid of Gobhisarson P.G.S.H. 51.

→ 37% of honey out of total production of honey is from Punjab.

→ The cultivation of Kinnow started in Punjab in 1955-56. It was brought from California.

→ 40% of mushrooms out of total production of mushrooms is from Punjab.

→ University has reclaimed six lakh hectares of Kallar land in Punjab.

→ Punjab is a leading state in the development and popularisation of farm machinery.

→ University has developed an improved variety of Basmati, Punjab Basmati-3 which is also a disease-resistant variety.

→ There is a highly standardized electron microscopy and nanotechnology laboratory in the university.

→ Alumni of the university have reached the top levels in their fields.

→ Dr. N.S. Randhawa was Director-General of the Indian council of agricultural research, a top-level institute of the country.

→ Doots of the university are acting as links between farmers and agricultural scientists through the internet and mobile.

→ University organizes Kisan Melas before Rabi and Kharif crops every year.

→ P.A.U. was adjudged the best agricultural university in India in 1995, by ICAR.

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Guide Punjab Agricultural University: A Lighthouse of Scientific Knowledge of Farming Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Kalyan Sona is a variety of:
(a) wheat
(b) rice
(c) maize
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) wheat

Question 2.
World’s first hybrid which was developed in our country.
(a) pearl millet
(b) wheat
(c) rice
(d) maize.
Answer:
(a) pearl millet

Question 3.
Where is PAU located?
(a) Amritsar
(b) Ludhiana
(c) Jalandhar
(d) Kapurthala.
Answer:
(b) Ludhiana

Question 4
Name the agricultural techniques developed by P.A.U.
(a) zero tillage
(b) tensiometer
(c) happy seeder
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

Question 5.
In which month Kisan Melas are organised by Punjab Agricultural University for Rabi crops?
(a) March
(b) December
(c) September
(d) June.
Answer:
(c) September

Question 6.
In which month Kisan Melas are organised by Punjab Agricultural University for Kharif crops?
(a) March
(b) December
(c) September
(d) June.
Answer:
(a) March

Question 7.
Name the Noble Prize winner scientist who is known as ‘father of dwarf wheat varieties’.
(a) Dr. Gurdev Singh Khush
(b) Dr. Norman E. Borloug
(c) Dr. N.S. Randhawa
(d) Dr. G.S. Kalkat.
Answer:
(b) Dr. Norman E. Borloug

True or False:

1. Punjab is leading state in development and popularisation of farm machinery.
Answer:
True

2. 80% of honey out of total production of honey is from Punjab.
Answer:
False

3. Dr. Norman E. Borlaug is known as father of dwarf variety of wheat.
Answer:
True

4. Kalyan Sona is a variety of rice.
Answer:
False

5. PAU is in Ludhiana.
Answer:
True

Fill in the blanks:

1. P.R. 106 is a variety of …………… .
Answer:
rice

2. H.B-1 is hybrid variety of ……………… .
Answer:
bajra

3. First Vice Chancellor of P.A.U. was ……………. .
Answer:
Dr. Prem Nath Thapa

4. Cultivation of kinnow started in ………………. .
Answer:
1955-56.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which year, the work of agriculture and education started in Punjab before the partition of India?
Answer:
In the year 1906, Agriculture College and Research Institute, Layalpur.

Question 2.
In which year, agriculture college, Ludhiana started in Punjab?
Answer:
In the year 1957.

Question 3.
Which were the two campuses of P.A.U.?
Answer:
Ludhiana and Hissar.

Question 4.
When was Palampur campus established?
Answer:
In the year 1966.

Question 5.
When did Palampur campus become part of Himachal Pradesh University?
Answer:
July 1970.

Question 6.
How many colleges were there in P.A.U at the time of its establishment?
Answer:
Five colleges.

Question 7.
Which college of P.A.U. became GADVASU?
Answer:
College of Veterinary Sciences.

Question 8.
When was GADVASU established?
Answer:
In the year 2006.

Question 9.
When was first agricultural university of the country established and where?
Answer:
In the year 1960 at Pant Nagar in Uttar Pradesh.

Question 10.
When was the second agricultural university Odisha established and where?
Answer:
In 1961 at Bhubaneshwar

Question 11.
When was the third agriculture university established and where?
Answer:
In 1962 at Ludhiana, Punjab.

Question 12.
Who was first Vice Chancellor of P.A.U.?
Answer:
Dr. Prem Nath Thapar.

Question 13.
Which varieties of wheat played an important role in bringing green revolution?
Answer:
Kalyan Sona, W.L. 711.

Question 14.
Which variety of rice played an important role in bringing green revolution?
Answer:
P.R. 106.

Question 15.
Which variety of maize played an important role in bringing green revolution?
Answer:
Vijay.

Question 16.
Who is the father of dwarf varieties of wheat?
Answer:
Dr. Norman E. Borlaug.

Question 17.
Name the scientist who developed high yield dwarf varieties of rice?
Answer:
Dr. Gurdev Singh Khush.

Question 18.
How many different varieties of crops, fruits, vegetables were developed upto the year 2013 by P.A.U.?
Answer:
730 varieties.

Question 19.
Which variety of muskmelon is due to university?
Answer:
Hara Madhu.

Question 20.
Rearing of which species of honey bee was started by university?
Answer:
Italian Honey bee.

Question 21.
When was the cultivation of kinnow started?
Answer:
In 1955-56.

Question 22.
From where kinnow was introduced for its cultivation?
Answer:
From California,

Question 23.
How much KaUar land has been treated and reclaimed due to technical efforts by the university?
Answer:
Six lakh hectare.

Question 24.
Which technique other than drip method and shower method of irrigation does save water?
Answer:
Bed planting technique.

Question 25.
Name some technique which help us for economical use of fertilizers.
Answer:
Leaf colour chart technique.

Question 26.
Which technique has helped to reduce the use of chemicals by 30 to 40 per cent for the crops of Cotton and Basmati?
Answer:
Integrated pest management technique.

Question 27.
Name one precision farming teachnique.
Answer:
Net house cultivation of vegetables technique.

Question 28.
Which machine is used for sowing wheat in the field in which paddy is harvested but its stubbles still standing (not yet ploughed)?
Answer:
Happy seeder.

Question 29.
Which variety of rice is prepared using bio-technological method by the university?
Answer:
Basmati-3.

Question 30.
Name old student (Alumnus) of the university, who became director general of ICAR.
Answer:
Dr. N. S. Randhawa.

Question 31.
When was P.A.U. adjudged as best university by ICAR?
Answer:
In the year 1995.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When was P.A.U came to existence in Punjab?
Answer:
After independence, Agriculture college was established at Ludhiana in 1957. In the year 1962 it was upgraded to the status of Punjab agricultural university.

Question 2.
At the time of establishment of P.A.U., how many colleges were there and name them.
Answer:
At the time of establishment of P.A.U., there were five colleges named as college of agriculture, college of Basic science and humanities,
college of Agricultural engineering sciences, college of Home science and college of veterinary science.

Question 3.
What is the reason for increase in area under the cultivation of rice?
Answer:
The reason for increase in area under the cultivation of rice is the development of high yielding varieties of rice.

Question 4.
Why was it difficult to store the grains in the 1970 decade?
Answer:
Due to the high yielding varieties of wheat and rice, there was green revolution in the 1970 decade. The production was so high that it became difficult to store the grains.

Question 5.
How many varieties of different crops were developed by P.A.U. upto 2013 and how many varieties have been given recognition at national level?
Answer:
P.A.U. has developed 730 varieties of various crops, flowers, fruits and vegetables upto the year 2013. Out of these, 130 varieties are recommended at national level.

Question 6.
Explain briefly about economical agricultural techniques.
Answer:
Economical agricultural techniques are zero tillage, leaf colour chart, tensiometer, happy seeder and laser leveller.

Question 7.
When was the kinnow cultivation introduced in Punjab?
Answer:
Cultivation of kinnow started in Punjab in the year 1955-56 by bringing this variety from California and now it is one of the main crop of horticulture.

Question 8.
What are the benefits of using integrated pest management technique for the crops of cotton and basmati?
Answer: This technique has helped in reducing the spray of chemicals by 30 to 40%. This helped further in reducing environmental pollution.

Question 9.
Which machine is used to sow wheat in the harvested field of rice but which is not ploughed?
Answer:
For this purpose happy seeder machine is used. This has helped in reducing the cost by 20%. This also helped in the reduction in pollution which was caused due to burning of the remains in the paddy field after harvesting.

Question 10.
What are the two advantages of sowing wheat by happy seeder?
Answer:
(i) We can directly sow wheat in paddy stubbles and it reduces the cost of sowing by 20 percent.
(ii) Environment pollution caused by burning of paddy straw is also checked.

Long Answer Type Question

Question
How will it help the environment if suggestions given by P.A.U. on the use of agricultural chemicals for the protection of crops are used?
Answer:
Green revolution has increased the production many folds. Farmers started using agricultural chemicals unnecessarily in large amounts. This increased poison in the air, crops, water and soil, many of the friendly pests and birds started dying. P.A.U. Ludhiana has recommended or suggested the use of integrated pest management technique. This does not have bad effect on environment and also does not affect the yield. This technique is used to protect the crop when the harmful pests has increased to such an extent that these can affect the crop badly. This technique has helped in reducing the use of chemicals by 30 to 40%. This helped further in reducing environmental pollution and also do not have bad effect on human health.

Agriculture Guide for Class 10 PSEB Punjab Agricultural University: A Lighthouse of Scientific Knowledge of Farming Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one-two words:

Question 1.
When was Punjab agricultural university established?
Answer:
Year 1962.

Question 2.
When was first agricultural university of India established?
Answer:
Year 1960.

Question 3.
Kalyan Sona and W.L. 711 are varieties of which crop?
Answer:
Wheat.

Question 4.
Who won the Nobel Prize for developing wheat varieties?
Answer:
Dr. Norman E. Borloug.

Question 5.
In which year did PAU start organizing Kisan Mela?
Answer:
In 1967.

Question 6.
How many varieties developed by PAU have been recommended at national level? .
Answer:
161 varieties uptill year 2017.

Question 7.
For which crop the first ever hybrid was developed in India?
Answer:
H.B.l. of Bajra (Pearl Millet).

Question 8.
For which crops PAU has developed technology for protected cultivation?
Answer:
Capsicum, Tomato, Brinjal.

Question 9.
Which PAU Department gives weather forecast to farmers?
Answer:
Department of agricultural meteorology PAU.

Question 10.
In which city the PAU is located?
Answer:
Ludhiana.

(B) Answer in one-two sentences:

Question 1.
Name the two Universities which were carved out of PAU.
Answer:
The other two universities are Haryana agricultural university Hissar and Himachal Pradesh agricultural university.

Question 2.
Name the crop that have played big role in bringing green revolution.
Answer:

• Wheat-Kalyan Sona, W.L. 711
• Rice-P.R. 106.
• Maize-Vijay.

These varieties of wheat, rice and maize helped in bringing green revolution.

Question 3.
What are the functions of Punjab Agricultural University?
Answer:
Main functions of PAU are: protection and security of grains on firm footing, do,research for high-yield varieties and disease resistant varieties.

Question 4.
Name the resource conservation technologies developed by PAU.
Answer:
P.A.U. has developed following agricultural techniques zero tillage, leaf colour chart, tensio meter, happy seeder and laser leveler etc.

Question 5.
Name the international organizations with whom PAU developed linkages to bring green revolution.
Answer:
University developed linkage with ‘maize and wheat development centre’ (CIMMYT) of Mexico and ‘International rice research institute’ (IRRI) Manila (Phillipines) for research on rice.

Question 6.
What role PAU Doot play in agriculture development?
Answer:
They work as a link between agricultural specialists and farmers through mobile phone and internet.

Question 7.
What is the contribution of PAU in sports?
Answer:
P.A.U. has played an important role in the field of games. Three students of the university remained captain of Hockey team for Olympics.

Question 8.
What was the main purpose to establish PAU?
Answer:
Main objective of the university was to ensure food security for the country. To find and search for solution of problems and challenges related to agriculture and to create infrastructure for sustainable agricultural development.

Question 9.
Which hybrids of various crop have been pioneered by PAU?
Answer:
Hybrid of Bajra H.B.I., single cross hybrid Paras of maize, first hybrid of gobisarson (P.G.S.H. -51).

Question 10.
What is the contribution of PAU in mushroom production?
Answer:
Some techniques have been developed by university for getting mushrooms all the year. 40% of the mushrooms out of the total production of the country is from Punjab.

(C) Answer in five-six sentences:

Question 1.
Give a brief account of PAU’s extension programme.
Answer:
University is providing high quality education and university is famous in foreign countries for its education standards. University is playing an important role in the field of education, extension and research. University is famous in other countries due to its works in the field of research and extension. University has established good relations with farmers as well as with other departments. University has also started farmer service centre, this concept has been adopted by Indian council of agricultural research in whole of the country.

Directorate of extension services has established direct and good links with farmers through Krishi Vigyan Kendras and farmer advise service schemes. Farmer fraternity is made aware, by organising- trainings and exhibitions. University provides information about the experiments done by the scientists to the farmers, about experiences by organising Kisan melas, field days. University publications and plant clinic is also a good source of contact. University representatives (doots) act as a bridge between agricultural scientists and farmers through mobile phone and internet.

Question 2.
Give a brief information on PAU Kisan Melos.
Answer:
Kisan mela was organised by the university for the first time in 1967 and then it became a regular feature. These fairs were so popular that farmers started coming to these fairs in carvan. These fairs found their mention in the folk songs.
“Jind Make Je chalion Ludhiane,
Uthon wadhia beej Liyane”

“[ਜਿੰਦ ਮਾਹੀ ਜੇ ਚਲਿਉਂ ਲੁਧਿਆਣੇ,
ਉਥੋਂ ਵਧੀਆ ਬੀਜ ਲਿਆਣੇ ]”

University organises Kisan melas every year in the months of March and September before Rabi and Kharif season in Ludhiana and at other places. Various experts from different fields discuss various issues with farmers. University publications are exhibited. New improved seeds, flowering plants and vegetables for kitchen garden are given to farmers in small kits. Various types of machines are exhibited in the fair. About 3 lakhs farmers including women come to the these fairs every year.

Question 3.
Explain the future challenges to faced by PAU in near future.
Answer:
Main aim of the university is to provide security and protection to grains on firm footing, to solve problems and challenges related to agriculture and to create permanent infrastructure for sustainable development for research in the field of agriculture. University has covered a long span of time, about 50 years, very successfully. University has played an important role in bringing green revolution in the country. Due to green revolution, country is now self dependent on grains.

In future, there may be new type of challenges and university is ready to face those challenges. Challenges which may arise are ; to sustain the production, to save natural resources by diversified cropping, to start research by anticipating the future changes in the climate and to create man power for all these. University has developed plans for the next twenty years for research activities in field of agriculture, education and extension.

Question 4.
What is the contribution of PAU in honey production?
Answer:
Punjab is a leading- state in the production of honey. 37% of the honey out of the total production in the country is from Punjab. This happened because university started rearing of Italian Honey bee. This caused a revolution in the production of honey. Honey bee rearing is an agricultural based occupation. Research is going on to get some substances other than honey. Farmers can get extra income by adopting the business of honey production.

Question 5.
What type of international linkages PAU has developed for agricultural research?
Answer:
Punjab agricultural university has collaborated with various agricultural scientists of international repute and with various universities or institutes which are doing research in the field of agriculture. University has permanently collaborated with international maize and wheat improvement center (CIMMYT) of Maxico for research in wheat and for research in the field of rice, university has collaborated with international rice research institute (IRRI).

At present, university has associations with many famous institutes and universities. Father of ‘dwarf varieties of wheat and nobel prize winner Dr. Norman E. Borloug was a permanent associate of the university and remained so for his entire life. Dr. Gurdev Singh Khush although worked at IRRI, he remained associated with the university. The university is famous in foreign countries for its quality education. Many foreign students are studying in the university.

Follow on Facebook page – Click Here

Google News join in – Click Here

Read More Asia News – Click Here

Read More Sports News – Click Here

Read More Crypto News – Click Here