About a hundred years ago, when smallpox persisted, a group of people who had this disease earlier and had survived it had no chance of suffering from it again. So having the disease once was a means of preventing subsequent attacks of the same disease.
Q. About a hundred years ago, when smallpox persisted, a group of people who had this disease earlier and had survived it had no chance of suffering from it again. So having the disease once was a means of preventing subsequent attacks of the same disease.
(a) Why does this happen? Explain.
(b) We can ‘fool’ the immune system. Clarify.
(c) Name this principle of prevention of diseases.
Ans. (a) This happens because when the immune system first sees an infectious microbe, it responds against it and then remembers it specifically. So the next time that particular microbe, or its close relatives enter the body, the immune system responds with even greater vigour. This eliminates the infection even more quickly than the first time around. This is the basis of the principle of immunisation.
(b) We can ‘fool’ the immune system into developing a memory for a particular infection by putting something, that mimics the microbe we want to vaccinate against, into the body. This does not actually cause the disease but this would prevent any subsequent exposure to the infecting microbe from turning into actual disease.
(c) The principle of prevention of diseases is called immunisation, which is providing strong immunity to body through vaccines. Many such vaccines are now available for preventing a whole range of infectious diseases, and provide a disease-specific means of prevention. There are vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio and many others. These form the public health programme of childhood immunisation for preventing infectious diseases.
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