JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 7 Lifelines of National Economy

JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 7 Lifelines of National Economy

JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions

INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER

• Transport, communication and trade are together included in the tertiary economic activity.
• They are the chief means of exchange and interaction between different sectors or regions of an economy.
• A good network of roads, railways, waterways and airways are the lifelines of a country. Just as the arteries supply blood to different parts of the body, a well developed network of transport connects and maintains the movement in different  parts of the country.
• Means of transport can be divided into three modes, i.e., land, water and air transport.
• Means of land transport run on the surface of land. It mainly includes roadways, railways and pipelines.
• The national capital Delhi and three other metropolitan cities, i.e., Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata are linked by a six lane super highway called the Golden Quadrilateral National Highway.
• National Highway No. 7 is the longest highway. Its total length is about 2,369 km.
• Roads are classified as National highways, State highways, District roads, Village roads and Border roads.
• Express highways are highways with 4 to 6 lanes for long distance travel and fast moving traffic.
• Border Roads have a strategic importance in border areas. It is easy and accessible to reach these areas. It also strengthens our defence preparedness.
• The national average of road density is 75 km per 100 sq km.
• Railways are the most convenient means of transportation in the plains. Indian Railways have a route length of about 63,221 km.
• The first train steamed off from Mumbai to Thane in 1853, covering a distance of 34 km.
• Indian Railways is divided into 16 zones.
• The HBJ gas pipeline runs from Hazira (Gujarat) to Jagdishpur (Uttar Pradesh).
• India has an inland navigation waterway of 14,500 km.
• The exchange of surplus goods among people of different states and countries is called trade.
• A harbour is an area of sea providing safe entrance to ships. There are 12 major seaports in India. Mumbai is the biggest port and Chennai is the oldest artificial port in India.
• The Indian Postal Network is the largest in the world.
• India has about 37,665 Telephone Exchanges.
• 15 million people are engaged in tourism industry in India. Over 2.6 million tourists visit India every year.
• Rajasthan, Goa, Janok and Temple town of southern India are the main destination of foreign tourists in India.
• Tourism as a trade earns a valuable foreign exchange.

IMPORTANT TERMS

• Balance of Trade. Difference between imports and exports of a country.
• BOT. Build, operate and transfer—a scheme under which private parties bears the cost of construction of roads.
• Domestic Trade. Exchanges of goods among the people within a country.
• East-West Corridor. Express way connecting Silchar with Porbandar.
• Express Ways. Express ways are 4,026 lane roads that allow free movement of traffic. For crossing, flyovers are provided. ‘Exit’ and ‘Merge’ allow uninterrupted movement of traffic.
• Gauge. Width between two rails of railway line.
• Harbour. Deep sea coast providing shelter to ships.
• Hinterland. The land behind the port which generally supplies the goods and services for export and takes in the import Inland.
• Waterways. Waterways like rivers and canals are used for navigation. The boats | and ships carry both passengers and freights.
• International Trade. Trade activities carried out between two or more countries.
• Metalled Roads. Pucca roads or surface road.
• National Highways. Major roads connecting state capitals and metropolitan cities of a country.
• North-South Corridor. Express way connecting Srinagar with Kanniyakumari.
• Pipelines. Tubular underground pipes carrying liquid and gases.
• Tidal Port. Port where ships come to the port during high tide and go out with low tide.
• Trade. Exchange of surplus goods.

Q. 1. Multiple Choice Questions 

Q. 2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

Q. 3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

• The agricultural and economic development of a country depends upon its efficient transport system.
• The development of means of transport is essential for the utilisation of natural resources.
• It is the basis of industries and trade of a country.
• It helps to link the far flung regions into a single national economy.
• These help in defending the independence and the national unity of a country.
• The transport system maintains the movement of men and different products in different parts of the country.

• Volume of Trade. The volume of trade has increased many times. In 1951, the total trade was ₹1,250 crores; but due to the industrial development, it rose to ₹4,34,444 crores in 2000-2001.
• Change in Composition of Exports. The import-export trade has undergone many changes. India used to export tea, jute, leather, iron ore, spices, etc. But now manufactured goods are exported such as engineering goods, ready-made garments, handicrafts, etc.
• Changes in the Composition of Imports. Although the import of food grains, cotton and jute has increased, newer items such as petroleum, fertilizer, steel, industrial raw materials. machinery and chemicals are added in the list of imported goods.

QUIZ DRIVE

Activity

1. Mughal Sarai
2. Chennai
3. Broad Gauge
4. Sher Shah Suri Marg
5. Kolkata
6. Srinagar

1. What type of tourism may be developed in your state/UT and why?
2. Which areas in your state/UT you find more attractive for development of tourism and why?
3. How tourism may be helpful for the economic development of a region adopting sustainable development approach ?

Fill in the blanks :

True/False :

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. We are using telephone, television, films, internet, etc. as means of communication.
2. Books, magazines and newspapers are the important means of mass communication.

1. National Highways
2. State Highways
3. District Roads
4. Village Roads
5. Border Roads
6. Super Express Highways.

1. North-South Corridor. Srinagar to Kanniyakumari.
2. East-West Corridor. Silchar to Porbandar.

1. Guwahati-Barauni-Kanpur.
2. Salaya (Gujarat)-Mathura-Jalandhar.
3. Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ).

1. About 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year.
2. It helps India earn approx `14,000 crores every year.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Most of the roads get damaged during the rainy seasons.
2. Road network is inadequate.
3. In cities, roads are very congested.

1. They benefit trade and commerce.
2. They helped in the development in the industrial as well as agricultural economy.
3. They provide direct and gainful employment.

1. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
2. They are helpful in carrying heavy and bulky goods.
3. They do not cause air pollution.
4. They played a vital role since ancient times in developing India’s trade relation with other countries.

1. The Ganga river-(1,620 km) stretches between Allahabad and Haldia. (N.W. No. 1).
2. The Brahmaputra river-(891 km) stretches between Sadiya and Dhubri. (N.W. No. 2).
3. The West Coast Canal-(168 km) stretches between Kollam and Kottayam.
4. The two other canals in Kerala-Udyog mandal Canal (14 km) and Champakara Canal (22 km).

1. Steam engines. Steam engines are run with the help of good quality coal. It does not depend on petroleum.
2. Diesel engines. These use petroleum. For these railways do not have to carry coal. These provide clean and pollution free travel.
3. Electric engines. These are run on electric railway routes and do not depend on coal or petroleum.

1. Most of the people travel without tickets.
2. Unnecessary pulling of chains causing delays and disruption resulting in late running of trains.
3. Over crowding.
4. Thefts and damage to railway property.

1. It is the quickest means of transport. It needs no expenditure on the construction of air routes.
2. It can cross physical barriers like mountains, oceans and deserts.
3. It has made remote areas like Ladakh and N.E. India accessible to other parts of India. It is useful for transporting passengers, mails, food supplies and commodities of high value.
4. It has become important from the defence point of view.

1. Knowledge based information technology, via, internet. One can access information from universities, libraries, museums, etc., anywhere in the world.
2. Cellular (mobile) phones and convergence of telephone, television, voice mail and even print media.
3. Telex services, E-mail and internet are becoming popular.
4. Cable television is revolutionising entertainment and communication.
5. Essential services like emergency, hospital, banking, shopping, railway and air booking services, etc., are now available via the internet or telephone.

1. Indian Airlines.
2. Alliance Air (subsidiary of Indian Airlines).
3. Private scheduled airlines and non-scheduled operators.
4. Air India provides international air services.

1. Oil and Natural Gas Commission in its off-shore operations.
2. Inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the North-Eastern states.
3. The interior parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

1. Foreign tourist’s arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 11.8 per cent during the year 2010 as against the year 2009.
2. The tourism industry contributed Rs 64,889 crore of foreign exchange in 2010.
3. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.

1. Knowledge based information technology via internet. One can access information from universities, libraries, museums etc. from anywhere in the world.
2. Cellular (mobile) phones and convergence of telephone, television, voice mail and even print media.
3. Telex services, E-mail and internet are becoming popular.
4. Cable television is revolutionising entertainment and communication.
5. Essential services like emergency, hospital, banking, shopping, railway and air booking services etc. are now available via internet or telephone.

1. A pipelines connects Assam oilfields with Guwahati and Barauni.
2. A pipeline connects Haldia oil refinery with Barauni.
3. Barauni has been connected by pipeline with Kanpur, Mathura and Jalandhar.
4. Bombay High is connected with Trombay oil refinery by a submarine pipeline 207 km long.
5. The longest pipeline in India is 1220 km long from Salaya (Kutch) to Koyali and onwards to Mathura Viramgam in Gujarat.
6. A pipeline to carry natural gas connects Hazira in Gujarat via Vijyapur or Bijapur in M.P., to Jagdishpur in U.P. This HBJ pipeline, 1730 km long, would supply gas to six fertilizer plants and two thermal power plants based on natural gas.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Roads have preceded railways.
2. Roads can be easily built and maintained.
3. Roads can be built in higher slopes and mountains, while it is difficult to construct railways over rough terrain.
4. Roads can be made to pass through forests and deserts.
5. Roads are suitable for transporting light and perishable goods.
6. Goods can be delivered right to the doorstep of the consumers.
7. Roads carry heavy goods over long distances and then trucks carry these goods to the local markets.
8. Roads are the cheapest means of transport for short distances.
9. Loading, unloading and trans-shipment from one gauge to another make delays in the transportation of goods by railways.
10. Roads link railway stations, air and sea ports.

1. Favourable Conditions. The northern plains with its level topography, high population density, rich agricultural resources and large number of rivers, which can be easily crossed with the help of bridges, provide favourable conditions for the development of railways.
2. Hilly Terrain. The hilly terrain of the foothills of the Himalayan region, the Peninsular plateau also provide favourable conditions for the laying of railway tracks. The upper reaches of the mountains are, however, unfavourable for the construction of railway lines.

Economic factors :

1. Linkage. Indian Railways has facilitated economic and cultural links between the adjacent and far-flung regions. Konkan Railways, for example, has linked the Sahayadri region with the rest of the country. This contiguous stretch can be crossed only through gaps and passes.
2. National Integration. Railways, ever since their introduction, have played a great role in linking people of diverse cultures and regions. They have brought about national integration and in the recent years, economic and cultural integration as well.

1. It is the fastest means of transport.
2. It is more useful in areas of difficult terrains, high mountains, deserts, thick forests and long stretches of seas.
3. It is convenient in the North-Eastern parts of India, due to rugged topography.
4. Pawan Hans Helicopter Ltd. provides helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC) in its offshore operations to inaccessible areas and difficult terrains.
5. Provisions are also made where even the common people can take benefits from these services.
6. It’s significance lies in the defence of a nation, by discouraging the activities of the militant.
7. It is also used for transporting perishable goods and providing relief during a natural calamity i.e., floods, etc.

1. The Brahamaputra river stretches between Sadiya and Dhubri (N.W. No. 2)
2. River Ganga (1620 km) stretches between Sadiya and Dhubri (N.W. No. 1)

Characteristics :

1. They are the cheapest means of transport.
2. Waterways are useful for carrying or transporting heavy and bulky goods.
3. These are pollution free sources of transport and are eco-friendly.

1. A pipeline connects the Assam oil fields with Guwahati and Barauni.
2. A pipeline connects the Haldia oil refinery with Barauni.
3. Barauni has been connected by a pipeline with Kanpur, Mathura and Jalandhar.
4. Bombay High is connected with the Trombay oil refinery by a submarine pipeline 207 km long.
5. The longest pipeline in India is 1,220 km long from Salaya (Kachchh) to Koyali and onwards to Mathura Viramgam in Gujarat.
6. A pipeline to carry natural gas connects Hazira in Gujarat via Vijyapur or Bijapur in M.P., to Jagdishpur in U.P. This HBJ pipeline, 1,730 km long, would supply gas to six fertiliser plants and two thermal power plants based on natural gas.

1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways. The government has completed a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by a six-lane Super Highway. The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) and Kanniyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West Corridor connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat) are a part of this project. The major objectives of these Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India. These highway projects have been implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).
2. National Highways. National Highways link the extreme parts of the country. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). A number of major National Highways run in North-South and EastWest directions. The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No. 1 and it runs between Delhi and Amritsar.
3. State Highways. Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in the State and Union Territories.
4. District Roads. These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.
5. Other Roads. Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns, are classified under this category. These roads receive special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana. Under this scheme, special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.
6. Border Roads. Border Road Organisation or BRO (a govt. of India undertaking) constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country. The organisation was established in 1960, for the development of roads of strategic importance in the northern and North-Eastern border areas. These roads have improved the accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas.

1. Indian Railways has a total length of 63,221 km.
2. It is the largest railway system in Asia and the fourth largest in the world.
3. Approximately, 18 lakh workers are engaged in Indian Railways.
4. Indian Railways have about 12,670 trains which operate over 7,031 stations for a distance of 13 lakh km.
5. These railways carry 90 lakh passengers and 6 lakh tonnes freight daily.
6. Railways have an investment of a capital of ₹8,000 crore and yields an annual income of ₹21,000 crore.
7. Indian railways have about 11,000 locomotives, 38,000 coaches and 4 lakh wagons.
8. About 80% of freight traffic and 70% of passenger traffic is carried by railways.
9. Most of the railways are found in the level Gangetic plain.
10. Railways have not been extensively developed in Jammu and Kashmir, N.E. India, Western Ghats, Chhotanagpur Plateau and Thar Desert (Rajasthan).
11. In Southern India, construction of railways is retarded due to hilly areas and rivers.
12. India has 3,200 diesel locomotives, 1,366 electric locomotives and 4,950 steam locomotives. The electric trains run over a distance of 5,473 km. Indian railways run on three gauges :

1. It is an index to measure the economic prosperity of a nation.
2. It connects the people and their cultures and results in the mutual cultural advancement.
3. A favourable balance of trade helps a country to increase its standard of living and also achieve faster economic growth.
4. It is a measure of markets and governments working in the different fields.
5. It gives great impetus to development of transport and communication.
6. It promotes tourism. International trade takes place when two or more countries are involved in the exchange of goods among people. It is carried on through sea, land and air route.

MAP SKILLS

Follow on Facebook page – Click Here

Google News join in – Click Here

Read More Asia News – Click Here

Read More Sports News – Click Here

Read More Crypto News – Click Here