Q. 1. Who was not invited to the wedding feast ?
Ans. Eris, the goddess of discord, was not invited to the wedding feast.
Q. 2. How did Eris react when she learnt that she had not been invited ?
Ans. She became very angry. She thought of a plan to have her revenge.
Q. 3. What did Eris do to take her revenge ?
Ans. She threw a golden apple for the fairest’ among the assembled guests Thus she tried to create discord among the goddesses.
उसने इकट्ठा हुए मेहमानों के मध्य एक सुनहरी सेब ‘ उनमें सबसे सुन्दर’ के लिए फेंक दिया। इस प्रकार उसने देवियों में कलह पैदा करने का यत्न किया।
Q. 4. What was written on the apple ?
Ans. The writing said that the golden apple was ‘meant for the fairest.’
लिखा हुआ यह था कि सुनहरी सेब ‘ उनमें सबसे सुन्दर के लिए था’,
Q. 5. Who claimed the apple ?
Ans. The three goddesses – Athene, Hera and Aphrodite – claimed the apple.
तीन देवियों – एथीन, हेरा और एफ्रोडाइट ने सेब पर अपना दावा जताया।
Q. 6. Why did Zeus not solve their problem ?
Ans. Zeus did not want to take any risk. He decided to keep himself out of the quarrel among the three goddesses. Therefore, he did not solve their problem.
जिअस कोई जोखिम नहीं लेना चाहता था। उसने स्वयम् को तीन देवियों के मध्य के झगड़े से अलग रखने का निर्णय किया । इसलिए उसने उनकी समस्या हल न की।
Q. 7. What rewards did the three goddesses promise Paris ?
Ans. Hera promised him power and riches. Athene said she would bring him glory and fame. Aphrodite said that she would give him the most beautiful woman as his wife.
हेरा ने उसे शक्ति और धन देने का वचन दिया। एथीन ने कहा वह उसे यश और प्रसिद्धि प्रदान करेगी। एफ्रोडाइट ने कहा कि वह सबसे सुन्दर औरत उसे पत्नी के रूप में देगी।
Q. 8. Why was Paris brought up in obscurity ?
Ans. An oracle had prophesied that he would one day bring ruin to the city. So he was brought up in obscurity.
एक देववाणी ने कहा था कि एक दिन वह नगर के विनाश का कारण बनेगा । इसीलिए उसका पालन गुमनामी में किया गया ।
Q. 9. What was the prize given to Paris ?
Ans. Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was the most beautiful woman of the time. She was given to Paris as a prize by Aphrodite.
हैलन, मेनेलास की पत्नी, उस समय की सबसे सुन्दर औरत थी । एफ्रोडाइट ने उसे पैरिस को एक .उपहार के रूप में दिया ।
Q. 10. Why did the Greek army besiege Troy ?
Ans. Helen was the Queen of Sparta. The Trojan prince Paris eloped with her to Troy. The Greek army besieged Troy in order to get her back.
हैलेन स्पार्टा की रानी थी। ट्रॉय का राजकुमार पैरिस उसे ले कर ट्रॉय भाग गया। उसे वापस पाने के लिए यूनानी सेना ने ट्रॉय पर घेरा डाल दिया।
Q. 11. How was Hector killed ?
Ans. Achilles fought very bravely. The Trojans withdrew in fear. Hector was left alone on the battlefield. Achilles killed him with a thrust of his spear.
एचिलीज बहुत वीरता से लड़ा। भय के मारे ट्रॉयवासी पीछे हट गए। युद्ध क्षेत्र में हैक्टर अकेला रह गया। एचिलीज़ ने अपने भाले के प्रहार से उसे मार दिया।
Q. 12. What was the prophecy about Achilles ?
Ans. The prophecy said that he would die young.
भविष्यवाणी यह थी कि उसकी मृत्यु युवावस्था में हो जाएगी।
Q. 13. How did Achilles die ?
Ans. Achilles’ heel was the only vulnerable part of his body. Paris hit him in the heel with his poisoned arrow. Achilles died of the poison.
एचिलीज़ की एड़ी उसके शरीर का एकमात्र असुरक्षित भाग था। पैरिस ने अपने विषयुक्त तीर के साथ उसकी एड़ी में घाव कर दिया। एचिलीज़ की मृत्यु विष के कारण हो गई ।
Q. 14. Did the Greeks turn back ?
Ans. No, the Greeks did not turn back. They only pretended to abandon the siege. It was only a trick played on the Trojans.
नहीं, यूनानी वापस नहीं गए। उन्होंने घेरा हटाने का केवल दिखावा किया । यह ट्रॉयवासियों से किया गया मात्र एक छल था।
Q. 15. What was inside the wooden horse ?
Ans. There were Greek soldiers inside the hollow body of the wooden horse.
लकड़ी के घोड़े के खोखले शरीर के अन्दर यूनानी सैनिक थे ।
Q. 16. What was the priest’s suggestion ?
Ans. The priest asked the Trojans to be careful. He said that the Greeks could be treacherous even when they appeared to be offering gifts.
पुजारी ने ट्रॉयवासियों को सावधान रहने के लिए कहा। उसने कहा कि यूनानी तब भी धोखेबाज़ हो सकते हैं जब वे आपको उपहार पेश करने का दिखावा कर रहे हों ।
Q. 17. What did Sinon tell about the horse ?
Ans. Sinon said that the horse was a peace-offering of the Greeks to goddess Athene. He said that they had made the horse huge so that the Trojans could not carry it into the city.
सिनान ने कहा कि वह घोड़ा यूनानियों की तरफ़ से देवी एथीन को शान्ति स्थापित करने के लिए एक भेंट था। उसने कहा कि उन्होंने घोड़े को विशाल इसलिए बनाया था ताकि ट्रॉयवासी इसे शहर के अन्दर न ले जा सकें।
Q. 18. When did the soldiers come out of the horse ?
Ans. The Trojans thought they had won the war. At night, they celebrated their victory and went to bed. When they were sleeping, the Greek soldiers came out of the horse.
ट्रॉयवासियों ने सोचा कि उन्होंने युद्ध जीत लिया था। रात को उन्होंने अपनी जीत का उत्सव मनाया और सो गए। जब वे सो रहे थे तो यूनानी सैनिक घोड़े से बाहर आ गए ।
Q. 19. Did the Greeks get Helen at last ? Ans. Yes, the Greeks got Helen at last. They killed the Trojans in their beds and found Helen in the palace.
हां, यूनानियों को अन्त में हैलन मिल गई। उन्होंने ट्रॉयवासियों को उनके बिस्तरों में ही मार दिया और हैलन को महल में ढूंढ लिया ।
LONG-ANSWER TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Write a short note on the dispute among the three goddesses.
Ans. The three goddesses were Athene, Hera and Aphrodite. Peleus had invited them to his wedding feast. Eris, the goddess of dispute, had not been invited. She decided to have her revenge. She threw an apple among the assembled guests. The apple bore the words : ‘meant for the fairest’. Each of the three goddesses claimed the apple and began to quarrel.
वे तीन देवियां एथीन, हेरा और एफ्रोडाइट थीं । पेलियस ने उन्हें अपने विवाह – भोज पर आमन्त्रित कर रखा था । कलह की देवी, एरिस, को आमन्त्रित नहीं किया गया था। उसने अपना प्रतिशोध लेने का मन बनाया। उसने एकत्रित हुए अतिथियों के मध्य एक सेब फेंक दिया। सेब पर यह शब्द लिखे हुए थे — ‘सब से सुन्दर के लिए ‘ । तीनों देवियों में से प्रत्येक उस सेब का दावा करने लगी और झगड़ा करने लगीं ।
Q. 2. Write a short note on the death of Achilles.
Ans. Before Achilles’ birth, it had been prophesied that he would die young. After his birth, his mother bathed him in the magical waters of a river. It protected his body from all wounds and diseases. Only his heel was not protected because the water did not touch it. During the war of Troy, Paris shot a poisoned arrow at Achilles. Gods guided the arrow to Achilles’ heel. Achilles died of the wound.
एचिलीज़ के जन्म से पूर्व यह भविष्यवाणी की गई थी कि उसकी मृत्यु युवावस्था में ही हो जाएगी । उसके जन्म के पश्चात् उसकी मां ने उसे एक नदी के जादुई पानी में नहला दिया। इससे उसका शरीर सभी घावों और बीमारियों से सुरक्षित हो गया । केवल उसकी एड़ी ही सुरक्षित न हो पाई क्योंकि पानी ने उसकी एड़ी को स्पर्श नहीं किया था। ट्रॉय के युद्ध के दौरान, पैरिस ने एक विषयुक्त तीर एचिलीज़ पर छोड़ा। देवताओं ने यह तीर एचिलीज़ की एड़ी की तरफ घुमा दिया। इस घाव के कारण एचिलीज़ की मृत्यु हो गई ।
Q. 3. Write a short note on the trickery of the Greek soldiers. The Greek soldiers made a huge wooden horse. Some of them hid themselves into it. The others pretended to abandon the siege. They sailed to a nearby island. The Trojans thought that they had won the war. They dragged the horse into the city. At night, they celebrated their victory and went to bed. The Greek soldiers now came out of the horse. They opened the gates of the city and let in their companions. The Greeks killed the Trojans in their sleep and set fire to the city.
यूनानी सैनिकों ने लकड़ी का एक विशाल घोड़ा बनाया। उनमें से कुछ उसमें छिप गए। अन्यों ने घेरा समाप्त करने का नाटक किया । वे एक नज़दीक के टापू पर चले गए। ट्रॉयवासियों ने सोचा कि वे युद्ध जीत गए थे। वे घोड़े को खींच कर नगर के अन्दर ले गए। रात को उन्होंने अपनी जीत का जश्न मनाया और सोने के लिए चले गए। अब यूनानी सैनिक घोड़े से बाहर आ गए। उन्होंने शहर के दरवाजे खोल दिए और अपने साथियों को अन्दर आने दिया। यूनानियों ने ट्रॉयवासियों को उनकी नींद में ही मार दिया और शहर को आग लगा दी।
TEXTUAL VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
Q. 1. Give one word for the following expressions, selecting suitable words from the list given below :
Ans. 1. vulnerable
2. besiege
3. mortal
4. premonition
5. setback
6. vow
7. elope
8. obscurity
9. captive
10. discord.
Q. 2. Match the words in column A with their antonyms in column B :
Ans. A — B
discord — concord
assemble — disperse
proud — humble
fame — obscurity
grief — joy
refuse — accept
dragging — pushing
Q. 3. Fill in the blanks, using adverbs of the following words :
Ans.
1. truthfully
2. eagerly
3. completely
4. richly
5. bitterly
6. fiercely.
Q. 4. Match the following, making references to the lesson:
Ans. 1. Greek sea-goddess — Thetis
2. Goddess of discord — Eris
3. Goddess of wisdom — Athene
4. Goddess of fertility and love — Aphrodite
5. King of Sparta — Menelaus
6. King of Troy — Priam
7. Goddess of jealousy — Hera
Q. 5. Punctuate the following :
Ans. (a) “Ah !” I thought, “He will come in and my seventeenth chapter will never be finished.”
(b) “Rehman gave it to me,” said Tina cheerfully. “Rehman gave it to you !” cried her mother much shocked. “O, Tina, how could you take it from him !”
(c) He caught my hand and said, “You are very kind, sir. Do not offer me money. You have a little girl. I too have one like her in my own home. I think of her and bring fruits to your child.”
(d) He made a promise to the king’s surgeon, “Bleed the king to death with this lancet and I will give you a thousand pieces of gold; and when I ascend the throne, you will be my chief minister.”
Q. 6. Join the following sets of sentences, using appropriate conjunctions / connectors :
Ans. 1. It is unnatural to see Mary quiet and I cannot bear it long.
2. He offered her nuts and raisins but she would not be tempted.
3. This is the house which my father built.
4. Unless you work hard, you cannot win the trophy.
5. She must be operated upon or she will die.
6. The train had left before I reached the station.
7. Both I and you are mistaken.
8. Sita ran because she was afraid of being late.
9. Do as I tell you or you will be punished.
10. I am in the right but you are in the wrong.
Q. 7. Fill in the blanks with the indirect objects of your choice :
Ans. 1. Mr. Bedi teaches Mathematics to me.
2. My friend lent her umbrella to me.
3. I have sold my land to Mr. Bedi.
4. The Principal granted scholarship to him.
5. The company offered a manager’s post to Ram.
Q. 8. Fill in the blanks with the direct objects of your choice :
Ans. 1. My uncle bought me a new watch.
2. The chairman appointed him a new director.
3. The minister got Ram a good job.
4. She cooked her husband a nice dinner.
5. The student fetched the teacher a box of chalks.