Some Important Facts
Some Important Facts
Cricket
⇒ It is believed that Cricket was started in England in 1300 A.D.
⇒ It started as a game of shepherds and became popular among other classes in 18th century A.D.
⇒ After sometime a club known as “Merylebone Cricket Club” (M.C.C.) was formed at Lords in London.
⇒ Cricket became popular in Australia due to British influence there.
⇒ The first official cricket test match was played in the year 1877 between Australia and England in Melbourne.
⇒ When some other countries started playing Cricket Imperical Cricket Conference was formed in 1909 which gave birth to International Cricket Conference in 1956.
⇒ The first One Day International cricket match was played in the year 1971 between England and Australia in Melbourne.
⇒ The first World Cup of one day matches was played in 1975 in London. West Indies won the World Cup beating Australia by 17 runs.
⇒ The apex institution of world cricket is the ‘International Cricket Council’ (ICC) and its headquarters is now in Dubai from August 1, 2005. Earlier it was in Lords (England).
⇒ Australia has won maximum of five World Cups till 2015.
⇒ In India Cricket was introduced by British royalty. Parsee community of India was the first to take part in Cricket in 1848.
⇒ Later on Parsee team visited England in 1886. Matches between European and Parsee teams, called Presidency matches, were started in Poona (now Pune) and Bombay (now Mumbai).
⇒ Raja Bhupindra Singh of Patiala donated the Ranji Trophy in 1934 for the national championship of Cricket.
⇒ The Board of Control for Cricket in India was formed in 1927.
Measurements in cricket:
Length of the Pitch – 22 yards (20.11metres)
Length of the Crease-1.22-1.83 metres (4 ft.)
Weight of the Ball – 155 to 163 gram
Circumference of the Ball -22.4 -22.9 cm (9 Inch)
Length of the Bat-96.5 cm (38 inch)
Width of the Bat- 10.8 cm (4.25 inch)
Length of the Stumps – 71.1 cm (28 inch)
Length of Bells – 11.1cm (each bell)
Cricket World Cup 2011, 2015 and 2019
⇒ Initially India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh were to host jointly the 2011 cricket World Cup, which comes to the sub continent after a gap of 15 years, but after the terrorist attack on Sri Lankan cricket team in Pakistan, Pakistan’s name has been canceled from the hosts’ list by the ICC.
⇒ India was the main host of World Cup 2011.
⇒ Inauguration ceremony was held at Sheikh Muzib Stadium, Dhaka, Bangladesh on 17th Feb., 2011, while the final match was held at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai on April 2, 2011.
⇒ M.S. Dhoni, the Captain of Indian Team was adjudged the ‘Man of the Match’, while Yuvraj Singh was declared the ‘Man of the Tournament’ in ICC Cricket World Cup 2011.
⇒ India beat Australia in Quarter Final (QF), Pakistan in Semi Final (SF) and Sri Lanka in Final match.
⇒ Jumbo (the elephant): The mascot of 2011 World Cup Cricket was unveiled in Colombo on April 02, 2010.
⇒ The 2015 World Cup has been hosted jointly by Australia and New Zealand.
⇒ Australia clinched the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015, beating New Zealand by 7 wickets on March 29, 2015 at Melbourne (Australia).
⇒ James Faulkner was adjudged ‘Man of the Match’ in the final and Mitchell Starc ‘Man of the Tournament’.
⇒ Michael Clarke became the fourth Australian Captain to win ICC Wold Cup.
⇒ India will be the host for the 2023 edition of the Cup.
⇒ Some important Terminologies of Cricket: Played on, Appeal, Bye, Leg Bye, Power Play, Follow on, Dusara, Beamer, Hoober Shot, Lost Ball, DuckworthLuis, Retired Hurt, Chinaman, Batsman, Bowler, Wicket Keeper, Fielder, LBW (Leg Before Wicket), Catch, Hit wicket, Throw, Maiden over, Four, Sixer, Wide, Swing, Stroke, Cover, Mid on, Mid Off, Mid wicket, Over the wicket, Round the wicket, Leg spinner, Off spinner, Over throw, Over Slip, Gulley, Cover point, Silly point, Long off, Long on, Third man, Short pitch, Hook, Dead ball, Run out, Popping crease, Pitch, Bouncer (or Bumper), Full Toss, Yorker, Yorked, Googly, Wicket Maiden, Snick, Duck, Hat-Trick, Rubber, The Ashes, Scoring a Ton etc.
ICC Twenty-20 Cricket World Cup
⇒ The first ICC Twenty-20 (T-20) World Cup Cricket held in South Africa in September 11-24, 2007. In the final match played at Wanderers stadium in Johannesburg, India thrashed Pakistan by 5 runs and clinched the first T-20 world cup trophy.
⇒ Pakistan emerged winners of the second (2009) edition of the ICC Twenty-20 World Cup Cricket, beating Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in the final in London, England on June 21, 2009.
⇒ In the third (2010) edition of the ICC T-20 World Cup Cricket England clinched the cup, defeating Australia by 7 wickets in the final in Bridgetown, Barbados (West Indies), on May 16, 2010.
⇒ In the fourth ICC T-20 World Cup (2012) West Indies defeated the host Sri Lanka in the final at Colombo on Oct. 7, 2012.
⇒ The fifth (ICCT-20 World Cup) was hosted by Bangladesh in 2014, from March 16 to April 6. Sri Lanka defeated India in the final by 6 wickets at Sher-e-Bangla Stadium in Dhaka (Bangladesh). Virat Kohli was declared ‘Man of the Series’.
⇒ India hosted its sixth edition in 2016 (from March 8 to April 3). West Indies, led by skipper Darren Sammy, clinched
ICC from international cricket World Twenty-20 Cup- 2016, beating the 2010 champion England by 4 wickets.
⇒ Virat Kohli was declared ‘Man of the Series’ again in the sixth ICC T-20 World Cup.
⇒ In all the six ICC T-20 World Cup held till 2016, M.S. Dhoni was the Captain of Indian team.
⇒ The seventh (2021 edition of ICC Men’s T 20) World Cup was hosted by UAE and Oman from 17 October to 14 November, 2021. Australia won the Cup, defeating New Zealand by 8 wickets in final played in Dubai (UAE). Mitchell Marsh was declared Player of the Match and David Warner was named Player of the Tournament.
Note: The next (8th edition) World Cup is to be held from 16 Oct. to 13, Nov., 2022.
India to Host the ICC Women’s ODI World Cup 2025
⇒ The International Cricket Council (ICC) approved Bangladesh, India, England and Sri Lanka as the four host countries of the ICC Women’s white ball event from 2024-27 on July 26, 2022 in Birmingham.
⇒ The ICC Women’s T’20 World Cup 2024 will be organized in Bangladesh for the second time, with the 2026 edition of the event going to England for the first time since 2009.
⇒ The next ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup (ODI format) in 2025 will be staged by India and Sri Lanka will host the ICC Women’s T’20 Champions Trophy 2027 subject to them qualifying for the event.
⇒ India will host the Women’s ODI World Cup for the fifth time in 2025, and its first global women’s tournament since 2016 when the T20 World Cup ran parallel to the men’s event.
Football
⇒ It is believed that Football is also of British origin. However, it is said that a game similar to Football was played in 500 B.C. by the Greeks of Sparta and they called this game ‘Harpaston’. The first football club of the world ‘Sheffield Football Club’ was founded in the year 1857 in England. Football was introduced in India by the Britishers in 1848 and the first football club of India was ‘Dalhousie Club’. The Indian Football Association, the oldest football association in the east, was formed in 1878. The apex institution of football is ‘Federation of International de Football Association’ (FIFA), which was formed by seven countries on May 21, 1904. The headquarters of FIFA is in Paris (France). In order to distinguish this game from the carrying cum kicking game i.e. Rugby, it was given the name of “Soccer”. This name was given to this game (Football) by an association named London Football Association which was formed in 1863 in England. The Football World Cup, organized by the FIFA, is the biggest competition.
⇒ Football was included as a competitive game in Olympic Games officially in 1908.
⇒ India took part in the World Olympic Football Competition in 1948 in London.
⇒ Besides Olympic competitions, World Cup Football Championships were planned by two Frenchmen i.e. M Jules Rimet and Henry Delaunay.
⇒ Jules Rimet was president of the French Football Federation and remained president of FIFA from 1924 to 1954.
⇒ The first World Cup was organised at Monte Video (Uruguay) in 1930.
⇒ The Trophy for this championship was named as “Jules Rimet Cup”. This trophy became the permanent property of Brazil, as this country had won the world title for the third time (1958, 1962 and 1970).
⇒ From 1974 (Xth championship of Germany) onwards, the trophy was named as “The FIFA World Cup”. This was a new trophy cast in 18 ct. gold.
⇒ In India Indian Football Association (IFA) organises National Football Championship.
⇒ The trophy awarded in their competition is called Santosh Trophy, which was donated in the memory of Manmath Nath Roy Chaudhary of Santosh (now a part of Bangladesh).
⇒ Durand Cup tournament, the oldest football tournament of India and the second oldest tournament of the world was started in 1888.
⇒ Durand Cup tournament was first organised at Shimla and is being held in Delhi since 1940.
⇒ A new chapter was added to the annals of the country’s (India’s) soccer with the launch of the Football Players’ Association (FPA) of India in Kolkata on August 13, 2006.
⇒ FIFA announced (in April 17, 2007) an assistance of $ 1 million to Indian football by launching ‘Win in India with India’ project that will initially run for a period of four year.
⇒ FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter visited India in April, 2007 and hinted that India could gain another grant of $ 400,000 for the third ‘FIFA Goal Project’ it was BO entitled to.
⇒ The All India Football Federation (AIFF) has started the ‘Goal Project’ in Manipur and the second was launched in Delhi.
⇒ FIFA and the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) have identified Sikkim as the third site of the project. ➤ FIFA World Cup is played after every four years.
Hockey
⇒ ‘Blackheath Rugby and Hockey Club’ is the first hockey club in the world which was set up in the year 1861 in England.
⇒ London was the first city in England to popularize this game in the 1870s.
⇒ In the year 1886, Hockey Association of England was formed in London.
⇒ The apex institution of hockey is Federation Internationale de Hockey’, established on January 7, 1924, with headquarters at Vienna (Austria) and later shifted to Paris (France). The first International Hockey Match was played between Wales and Ireland in Rayle on June 26, 1895.
⇒ Hockey was introduced in the Olympic games for the first time in 1908 in London.
⇒ Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was formed on the 7th November, 1925 at Gwalior.
⇒ Since 1944, National Hockey Championship is organised by the I.H.F. every year.
⇒ All India Women’s Hockey Federation was formed in 1947.
⇒ India took that part in Olympics for the first time in 1928 (in Amsterdam Olympics).
⇒ In Olympics, India has won the hockey title a maximum of 8 times. The first World Cup Hockey was played in Barcelona in 1971.
Men’s Hockey World Cup Bhubaneswar 2018
⇒ The International Hockey Federation (FIH) has announced the pools and match schedule for the Odisha Hockey Men’s World Cup Bhubaneswar 2018, taking place in India between Wednesday 28 November and Sunday 16 December, 2018.
⇒ The Odisha Hockey Men’s World Cup Bhubaneswar 2018 sees 15 qualifying nations join hosts India in the race for the title.
⇒ Over the course of the nineteen-day competition, sixteen of the world’s best men’s international hockey teams will take to the field at the 16,000 capacity Kalinga Stadium.
⇒ The 16 teams have been split into four pools of four.
⇒ Hockey Men’s World Cup Bhubaneswar 2018 – Pools Pools
A: Argentina, New Zealand, Spain, France Pool
B : Australia, England, Ireland, China Pool
C: Belgium, India, Canada, South Africa
Pool D : Netherlands, Germany, Malaysia, Pakistan
⇒ The next world cup Hockey (Women) is to be hold in Spain in 2022.
⇒ The highest Astroturf Hockey Ground of India is in Shilaroo (Himachal Pradesh).
Measurements:
No. of Players – 11 players in each team
Length of the Playing field – 91.44 metres
Width of the Playing field – 50 to 55 metres
Weight of the Ball – 155 to 163 grams
Circumference of the Ball-223-224 cm.
Colour of the Ball – White
Weight of the Hockey (Stick)- 280 grams (max)
⇒ Terminology: Advantage, Back -stick, Bully, Carry, Dribble, Dodge, Goal line, Green Card, Flick, Free hit, Face of stick, Jab Stroke, Lung Stroke, Melee, Off side, Penalty shoot out, Short Corner, Striking circle or Shooting circle, Square pass, Tackling, Through pass, Under cutting, Stick, Penalty stroke, Scoop, Side line, Tie breaker, Penalty, Under cutting, Volley, Centre forward, Roll in, Push in, Shooting, Half volley, Full back etc.
Volleyball
⇒ Volleyball, the game played with an inflated bladder and a high net was invented in 1895 at Holyoke Y.M.C.A. Gymnasium in United States of America by a Physical Director William J. Morgan.
⇒ Its first name was ‘MINTONNETTE’ which was later named as Volleyball by Dr. A.T. Halsted of Springfield College because the ball had to be volleyed with hands from one side to the other.
⇒ ‘International Volleyball Association’ was formed in 1947 with its headquarters in Paris (France).
⇒ The first World Volleyball Championship was held in 1949 at Prague.
⇒ The first Asian Volleyball Championship was held at Tokyo (Japan) in 1955 (India beats Japan in the final).
⇒ The Volleyball Federation of India was formed in 1950.
⇒ Measurements: Length of the court-18m, Width of the – 250 to 260 grams, court – 9 metre, Weight of the ball Circumference of the ball-65-67 cm, Net-1m (±3 cm) wide and 9.5 m long, Net’s height – 2.43m (for men) and 2.24 m (for women). Ball’s internal pressure – 0.40 -0.45 kg/cm.
⇒ Terminology: Antennae, Attack hit, Back zone players, Dribbling, Libero, Front zone players, Blocking, Smash, Rotation, Boosting, Net fault, Volley pass, Forearm pass, Service, Hook Referee etc.
Table Tennis
⇒ This game was started in England in 1880s. International Table Tennis Association’ was established in 1926.
⇒ The first match of The Table Tennis World Championship was played in 1927.
⇒ Table Tennis was introduced in the Olympic games much later in 1988 at Seoul (S. Korea).
⇒ Table Tennis Association of India was formed in 1938.
⇒ Measurements: Length of the table – 2.74 metre (9 feet), Width of the table-1.52 metre (5 feet), Height of the table – 76 cm, Weight of the ball -2.4 to 2.53 gram, Diametre of the ball – 37.2 -38.2 mm, Colour of the ball – white or yellow.
⇒ Terminology Foil, End line, Late control, Flat hit, Block stroke, Service, Penholder grip, Back spin, Centre line, Half court, Side spin, Swing stroke, Push stroke, Rally, Let, Reverse, Top spin, Drop shot, Lob, Chopped return, Counter hitting etc.
Basketball
⇒ The game Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith of U.S.A. in 1891 at Springfield College.
⇒ International Basketball Federation was set up in 1932.
⇒ Basketball Federation of India was formed in 1950. Its first World Championship was played in 1950. A
⇒ Measurements: Length of the court-28 metre, Width of the court – 15 metre, Height of the basket from ground -3.05 metre, Weight of the ball – 600 to 650 grams.
⇒ Terminology Dribbling, Front court, Second dribble, Two count stop, Travelling or shifting, Pivoting, Held ball, Jump ball, Violation, Foul, Feinting or Dodging, Shooting, Set shot, Ring, Guard point, Dead ball, Basket Rudnick, Hook pass, Goal, Centre line, Free throw line, Onsted, Fast break, Lay-up shot, Man to man defence, Pack, Three point, Turn over, Assist, Throw, Goal Tending, Steal, Tap etc.
Badminton
⇒ Modern Badminton was probably developed in the 17th century and named from the place ‘Badminton’ in Gloucestershire (England).
⇒ The International Badminton Federation (IBF) was established in 1934.
⇒ Badminton Association of India was formed in 1934.
⇒ The trophy for the international matches was named Thomas Cup after the name of the first president of the IBF Sir George Thomas. Thomas Cup competit (for men) started in 1948-49. Uber Cup Championship (for women) started in 1956.
⇒ World Badminton Championship started in 1977.
⇒ Measurements: Length of the court-44 feet, Width-20 feet (for Doubles) and 17 feet (for Singles), Height of the net-5 feet, Weight of the Shuttle cock-4.74 to 5.50 gram, Overall length of the Racket-680 mm (2.5 ft.) maximum, Overall width of the Racket-230 mm (9 inches) maximum, Overall length of the racket head290 mm (11.5 inches) maximum, Weight of the racketbetween 85 to 140 grams.
⇒ Terminology: Badminton Court, End, Trans Lines, Back gallery, Service Court, Let, Forward Stroke, Backward Stroke, Toss or Lob, Clear, Smash, Net strokes, Rally, Setting, First hand or Second hand, Side out, Base of operation, Rotation, Long service, Net fault, Double fault, Foot Fault, Service break, Match point, Set point, High service, Cross shot, Service change, Drive, Drop shot, Duce, Advance etc.
Lawn Tennis
⇒ Tennis was introduced by Major Wingfeild in Wales in 1870.
⇒ All England Championship (popularly known as Wimbledon Championship) started in 1877 for men only. Tennis competitions for women (in Wimbledon Championship) were introduced in 1884.
⇒ Measurements: Length of the court -78 feet or 23.77 m (singles), Width of the court – 27 feet or 8.23 m (singles), 36 feet or 10.97 m (doubles), Height of the net – 3 feet (0.914 m), Weight of the ball – 56.0 to 59.4 gram, Maximum length of the frame of the racket – 32 inches (81.28 cm), Colour of the ball – white or yellow
⇒ Terminology: Ace, Advantage, A Let, Back hand drive, Deuce, Chip Shot, Volley, Half volley, Let fault, Foot fault, Double fault, Smash, Service, Grand slam, Singles sticks, Love, Slice, Tie Breaker, Luv, Change, Set, In, Out.
Polo
⇒ Measurements : Length of the field – 300 yards, Width of the field-150 yards, Distance between the goals-250 yards, Distance between the goal posts – 8 yards.
⇒ Terminology: Bunker, Chukker, Mallet, Chukkas, Angle shot etc.
Wrestling
⇒ Measurements: In International Competitions there is a circular area with 9 metre diameter with circle in the centre of 1 metre diameter. Competitions played on a mattress, the mattress is 1 : 1 metre diameter high.
⇒ Terminology: Heave, Half, Nelson, Rebuts, Hold sager, Timekeeper, Active, Attack, Hold, Head Lock etc.
Chess
⇒ The number of squares on a chessboard : 64, Colour of the squares White and blackNumber of same colour Chess 16
⇒ Terminology Bishop, Gambit, Checkmate, Stalemate, Pawn, Grandmaster etc.
Golf
⇒ Measurements: Weight of ball-45.9 gram, Circumference of ball-4.27 cm, Field-125-175 Acres.
⇒ Diameter of the hole: 4 inches
⇒ Terminology: Bogie, Fore some, Stymie, T, Putt, Put hole, Nib lick, Caddy, Limns, Iron, Putting, The green, Bunker etc.
Water Polo
⇒ The length and width of the field : 30 × 20 yards
⇒ Terminology:2 metre line, 4 metre line, Goal line, Caps, Personal, Fault, Ball under etc.
Baseball
⇒ The distance of each base is 90 feet, The distance of the base along with its hypotenuse – 127 feet
⇒ Terminology: Home, Diamond, Pitcher, Put out, Home run, Strike, Ant rubber etc.
Billiards
⇒ Terminology:Cue, Jigger, Pot, Break Pot, In luck, In off, Cans, Bolting, Hazard, Long etc.
Rifle Shooting
⇒ Terminology : Target, Bulls eye, Muzzle flub etc.
Kho-Kho
⇒ Terminology: Chasers, Active Chaser, Runners, Diving, Taking a direction, To recede, Tapping, Trapping, Dupe turn, Late Kho, Giving Kho, Fake Kho etc.
Swimming
⇒ Terminology: Crawl, Breast Stroke, Spring Board, Twist, Butter fly, Front Crawl, Stroke, Back Stroke.
Boxing
⇒ Length and width of the ring: Minimum 4.9 x 4.9 m² and maximum 6.10 × 6.10 m²
⇒ Terminology: Punch, Upper cut, Round, Jab, Hook, Knock down, Knock out, Hitting willow, Ring, Break, Bell, Belt, Blow, Bounce, Bout, Bleeder.
Marathon
⇒ The distance of the marathon run : 26 mile 385 yards or 42.195 km.
Note: Vallamkalli is a traditional boat race in Kerala. This race is held on Onam festival in Pampa river, near Alappuzha at the beginning of monsoon on the auspicious occassion of installation of the idol of Krishna.
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