JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 8 Challenges to Democracy

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Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions

INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER

This chapter gives some suggestions that how can we approach the questions of challenges and reforms in democracy.
It is right that there is no challenger to the democracy in the world but it is also right that so far we have not been able to take full advantages of democracy.
Different democracies are facing different challenges and in general the main challenges are foundational challenge, challenge of expansion and deepening of democracy.
Democratic reforms or political reforms should be changed from time to time because challenges of democracy change with time and then their solutions should also be changed.
It is right that legal reforms are very much necessary for democracy but these should be carried out by political parties, movements, activities and conscious citizens of the country.
Any legal change in democracy should be looked carefully that what should be its results in politics. Mainly reforms should be brought principally through political practices.
Implementation of reforms is also necessary because without implementation no reforms could be made successful.

IMPORTANT TERMS

Challenge. Difficulties or problems which come at the time of ensuring democratic set up in the country.
Bureaucracy. It refers to the organizations, officials and set of procedures related with the larger administrative set up.
Literate. Any person who can read and write.
Illiterate. Any person who cannot read and write.
Child Labour. Employment of child below the age of 14 years as labourer.
Communalism. Encouraging the idea of any one particular religion with a sense to divide the society on the basis of religion.
Life Expectancy. Average age lived by any one.

J&K class 10th Social Science Challenges to Democracy InText Questions and Answers

Page No. 103 of NCERT Textbook

Each of these cartoons represents a challenge to democracy. Please describe what that challenge is. Also place it in one of the three categories mentioned in the first section. Mubarak Re-elected Seeing the democracy

Case and context	Your description of the challenges for democracy in that situation
Chile : General Pinochet’s government defeated, but military still in control of many institutions.	[Example] Establishing civilian control over all governmental institutions, holding the first multi-party elections, recalling all political leaders from exile.
Poland : After the first success of Solidarity, the government imposed martial law and banned solidarity.	The foundational challenge
Ghana : Just attained independence, Nkrumah elected President.	The challenge of expansion
Myanmar : Suu Kyi under house arrest for more than 15 years, army rulers getting global acceptance.	The challenge of using Power
International organisations : US as the only super power disregards the UN and takes unilateral action.	Authoritarian challenge
Mexico : Second free election after the defeat of PRI in 2000; defeated candidate alleges rigging.	Deepening of democracy
China : Communist Party adopts economic reforms but maintains monopoly over political power.	Democracy’s expansion
Pakistan: General Musharraf holds referendum, allegations of fraud in voters’ list.	Challenge of using power
Iraq: Widespread sectarian violence as the new government fails to establish its authority.	Challenge of foundation
South Africa: Mandela retires from active politics, pressure on his successor Mbeki to withdraw some concessions given to White minority.	Deepening of democracy
US, Guantanamo Bay : UN Secretary General calls this a violation of international law, US refused to respond.	Expansion of democracy and challenge of using power
Saudi Arabia : Women not allowed to take part in public activities, no freedom of religion for minorities.	Challenge of equality
Yugoslavia: Ethnic tension between Serbs and Albanians on the rise in the province of Kosovo. Yugoslavia disintegrated.	Challenge of saving the country
Belgium: One round of constitutional change taken place, but the Dutch speakers not satisfied; they want more autonomy.	Deepening of democracy
Sri Lanka : The peace talks between the government and the LTTE break down, renewed violence.	Challenge of saving the country
US, Civil Rights: Blacks have won equal rights but are still poor, less educated and marginalised.	Expansion of democracy
Northern Ireland: The civil war has ended but Catholics and Protestants yet to develop trust	Expansion of democracy
Nepal : Constituent Assembly about to be elected, unrest in Terai areas, Maoists have not surrendered arms.	Challenge of foundation
Bolivia : Morales, a supporter of water struggle, becomes Prime Minister, MNCs greaten to leave the country.	Challenge of wealth or money power

Page No. 106 of NCERT Textbook.

Given below are some spheres or sites of democratic politics. You may place against each of these the specific challenges that you noted for one or more countries or cartoons in the previous section. In addition to that write one item for India for each of these spheres. In case you find that some challenges do not fit into any of the categories given below, you can create new categories and put some items under that.

Constitutional design	Constitution should be designed by the representatives of the people with full representation to all the religions, colour, caste, creed, etc.
Democratic rights	These are given to all the citizens in democracy but is a foundational challenge in non-democratic countries.
Working of institutions	These are working everywhere but are a foundational challenge in non-democratic countries.
Elections	Deepening or strengthening of democracy.
Federalism, decentralisation	Strengthening and deepening of democracy
Accommodation of diversity	Expansion of democracy
Political organisations	Foundational challenge in Monarchy and authoritarian country
Any other category	Challenge of money and muscle power which our country is facing these days

Page No. 107 of NCERT Textbook.

Let us group these again, this time by the nature of these challenges as per the classification suggested in the first section. For each of these categories, find atleast one example from India as well.

Foundational challenge	Giving the status of full states to some U.T.’s in our countries
Challenge of expansion	No discrimination with any one on the basis of colour, religion, caste, gender, etc.
Challenge of deepening	No one can hold two important posts in the country

Now let us think only about India. Think of all the challenges that democracy faces in contemporary India. List those five that should be addressed first of all. The listing should be in order of priority, i.e., the challenge you find most important or pressing should be mentioned at number 1, and so on. Give one example of that challenge and your reasons of assigning it the priority.

Priority	Challenges to democracy	Example	Reasons for preference
1.	Party’s internal democracy	Not holding elections within the party.	Political parties in democracy used to practise this thing especially in India.
2.	Deepening of Democracy	No one should be allowed to keep two positions at one time.	In India many leaders had to resign due to this constitutional amendment
3.	Expansion of Democracy	Reserved seats for S.C.’s and S.T. ‘s	Seats are reserved for them in India everywhere, even in Parliament
4.	Constitutional design	Constitution cannot be changed very easily	Constitutional amendment requires 2/3rd majority of Parliament and state legislature assemblies
5.	Rights of the people	People are given many rights like of equality, freedom, etc.	In India, all the citizens are given fundamental rights

J&K class 10th Social Science Challenges to Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Any democratic set up facing problems is known as………….

(A) Challenges to democracy

(B) Outcomes of democracy

(D) None of these.

Ans. (A) Challenges to democracy.

2. Any person who can read and write in any Indian language, is known as ……….

(A) Illiterate

(B) Literate

(D) None of these

Ans. (B) Literate.

3. The idea of promoting one’s region is known as ……………

(A) Regional imbalance

(B) Regionalism

(D) Regional superiority.

Ans. (B) Regionalism.

4. The ideology of believing in supremacy of one’s caste is known as …………

(A) Caste hierarchy

(B) Caste domination

(D) None of these.

Ans. (C) Casteism.

5. Challenge faced by democracy is ……….

(A) Foundational challenge

(B) Challenge of expansion

(D) All of these.

Ans. (D) All of these.

6. Foundational challenge of democracy includes …………

(A) Bringing down non democratic regime

(B) Keeping military away from controlling government

(D) All of these.

Ans. (D) All of these.

7. Challenge of expansion in democracy includes …………

(A) More powers to local government

(B) Application of basic principle of democracy everywhere

(D) All of these.

Ans. (D) All of these.

Fill in the blanks

1. Casteism is a challenge of………..

Ans. Democracy

2. The idea of promoting one’s ………. is known as Regionalism.

Ans. region

3. ……….. is an average age lived by any one.

Ans. Life Expectancy

4. The Parliament passed National Food Security Act-NFSA on 10th September, 2013 to provide food and nutritonal security to …………

Ans. Human

True or False

1. Illiteracy is one of the challenge of Democracy.

Ans. True

2. Communalism is not a challenge of Democracy.

Ans. False

3. Any person who can read and write, known as illiterate.

Ans. False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. What do you mean by challenge from the point of democracy?

Ans. Generally those difficulties are called as challenges which are of great importance and which should be overcome or should be removed. It has ample chances of progress because it carries an opportunity in it. We can go to higher level only by overcoming the challenge.

Q. 2. Which challenges are faced by Indian democracy these days ?

Ans. Indian democracy is the largest democracy in the world because more number of people uses their right to vote. But this democracy is facing a number of challenges like casteism, communalism, regionalism, poverty, unemployment, caste discrimination, etc.

Q. 3. What do you mean by communalism ?

Ans. Communalism is an idea in which person thinks about himself and friends of his religion and treats members of other religions as its enemies. It means the encouragement of views of any particular religion with an idea of dividing society on religious grounds is known as communalism.

Q. 4. How can you say that communalism is against the democracy?

Ans. Communalism brings hatredness and feeling of discard among the members of different religions. It also divides the society on religious grounds. Person thinks that his religion is superior to other religions which is totally against the idea of democracy. In this way communalism is against the democracy.

Q. 5. What do you mean by economic inequality ?

Ans. The idea in which some humans of society are rich and some humans of society are poor is known as economic inequality. Wrong distribution of wealth causes economic inequality in the society.

Q. 6. How economic inequality can be removed from the society?

Ans. Economic inequality can be removed from the society in a number of ways. Wealth and means of production should not be confined only in the hands of few but every one should be given a fair chance in it. Distribution system should be good enough. Rich people should give more taxes and their wealth should be used for the welfare of the people.

Q. 7. How foundational challenge brings change in democracy?

Ans. In today’s age of democracy one fourth of the total countries are still without democratic government. These countries have to face foundational challenge of making transition to democracy. If sovereign and functional state could be established, non democratic governments would be removed and if military would be kept away from the rule then it can happen.

Q. 8. Name the most common challenge faced by democracy.

Ans. The most common challenge faced by all the democracies is the challenge of deepening democracy. All the institutions and parties in democracy should be strengthened. Influence of rich and powerful people should be reduced so that government can take its own decisions.

Q. 9. Which neighbouring country of India faces the challenge of extension in Democracy?

Ans. China faces the challenge of extension in Democracy.

Q. 10. How can you say that democracy is different from other forms of government ?

Ans. We can say that democracy is different from other forms of government because it gives equal chances to all its citizens to take part in the political process. In democracy fate of the country is in the hands of the people, not in the hands of an autocratic ruler. All other forms of government lack these things.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. Write about any three challenges in front of Democracy.

Describe serious challenges that democracy faces.

Describe serious challenges that Democracy faces.

Ans. Democracy is a type of government which is elected by the people and this type of government which is governed by the people. But democracies are facing many challenges these days and these are :

First challenge is foundational challenge of making transition to democracy and then institutionalization of democratic government. This step includes throwing non democratic regime out of power and establishment of sovereign state.
Second challenge is the challenge of expansion. It includes application of general rules of democracy every where.
Third challenge is deepening of democracy which includes giving strength to institutions and to democracy.

Q. 2. What is foundational challenge faced by democratic countries ?

Ans. Today’s age is of democracy but one fourth of the total countries of the whole world are without democratic government. They are facing many challenges these days and the first challenge is the foundational challenge. The foundational challenge which democracies are facing includes phase of change in democracy and then establishment of democratic government. In this non-democratic governments should be brought down and sovereign state should be established.

Q. 3. What is challenge of expansion which democracies are facing ?

“Challenge of expansion is very common which an established democracy faces.” Comment on this.

Ans. Democracies these days are facing the challenge of expansion. Basic principles of democracy should be applied in every area, among different social groups and different institutions. In this local government should be empowered, federal principle should be extended to units of federation, women, minorities and backward classes should be included in the decision making process.

Q. 4. Write about any three responsible reasons that instigate communalism in India.

Ans.

Communalism as a Legacy of the Past: It is a historical fact that communalism in India was born, nurtured and promoted by the British imperialism as a deliberative design to sow dissensions. The rising communalism in India has a historical context and it is a legacy of the British rule in India.
Religions Fanaticism: There are die-hard fanatic organisations which spread communalism in India. They spread hatred among the people. It leads to bloodshed.
Communal Parties and Organisations : There are many communal parties and social organisations. They often spread communalism.

Q. 5. What do you mean by casteism? What are its consequences ?

Ans. Word caste is used for different varnas of the society. Caste is an endogamous group which keeps certain restrictions on its members. In this sense casteism says that every caste group is a different community from the other group. That’s why different caste groups are different from each other and their interests are also different from each other. Society was divided in different homogeneous groups in caste system. So casteism is an ideology which says that one’s caste is superior to other castes and it should have supremacy over the other castes. Its consequence comes in the form of social division. Society is divided in different parts and leads to tensions and conflicts in society.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. How can democracy be strengthened ?

Ans. Democracy is government of the people, for the people and by the people. In democracy government is elected by the people and can be thrown out of the power by people in next elections. Democratic countries give some rights to its citizens especially the right of equality. So strengthening of democracy requires the participation of masses so that they could be able to control the government in one way or the other. Democracy can be strengthened in the ways given ahead :

Basic Rights. Democracy can be strengthened by giving some of the basic and fundamental rights to the people. If the people would be given the right to vote, right of equality, right to follow any religion, right to doing work, etc. then it will become easy for the people to live a happy life. It will help in their participation in decision making process. This step will strengthen the democracy.
Educated Masses. People should be educated enough to understand national and international problems. They should also understand the value of vote and should realise that it is a national trust. People who are ignorant and don’t have common sense cannot appreciate the basic rights which they have got. So the people should be educated enough so that the democracy could be strengthened.
Economic Equality. If we want to strengthen the democracy then there should be no gross economic inequality. It is right that economic inequality cannot be completely wiped out, yet gross inequality makes democracy futile. Rich people can misuse their power and wealth. So economic equality should be there for its strength.
Freedom of Press. Press should remain free from any control and pressure of government to give strength to democracy. If press will be free from any pressure then they will bring out misdeeds of the government and even can tell the people the good works done by government. In this way they make the public opinion and give strength to democracy.

Q. 2. How can democracy be politically reformed ?

Describe ‘Democracy Reforms’ or political reforms in India.

Ans. There are no such rules to reform politically our democracy but there are certain guidelines which should be kept in mind while doing political reforms in India which are given ahead :

Certain laws should be made to bring out undesirable things from the democracy. If careful changes could be made in law then it will discourage the wrong practices of politics and can encourage the good practices. Democratic reforms should be carried out by conscious citizens, parties, monuments and political activities.
It should be kept in mind that what would be the result of any change in law. Many a time change in law can result in counter productivity. So laws should be made to empower people to carry out democratic reforms.
Democratic reforms should be brought through political practices. So the complete focus of reforms should be on the ways to strengthen democratic practices. For this the political participation of ordinary citizens should be increased.
If we want to do political reforms then we should keep in mind the implementation of those political reforms that how they could be implemented. We should not think of a situation that legislature will pass laws against the interests of M.P.’s and political parties, but if the measures will rest in the hands of public, democratic movements and media then these reforms will surely be successful.

Q. 3. Mention the major challenges of Democracy.

First challenge is foundational challenge of makung transition to democracy and then institutionalization of democratic government. This step includes throwing non democratic regime out of power and establishment of sovereign state.
Second challenge is of challenge of expansion. It includes application of general rules of democracy everywhere.
Third challenge is depending of democracy which includes giving strength to institutions and to democracy.
Another challenge of democracy constitutional design. It should be designed by the representative people.
Another challenge is working of institutions.
Challenge of money and muscle power which our country is facing these days.

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JKBOSE 10th Class Social Science Solutions chapter – 8 Challenges to Democracy