JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar Passive Voice

01/18/2023 keshav kumar 110 Views 0 Comments

Jammu & Kashmir State Board JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar

Jammu & Kashmir State Board class 9th English Grammar

J&K State Board class 9 English Grammar

1. A Transitive Verb has two voices, the Active and the Passive. Voice is that form of the Verb which shows whether what is denoted by the Subject does something or has something done to it.

2. A verb is in the Active Voice when its form shows that the person or thing denoted by the Subject does something; or, in other words, is the doer of the action.

Tom helps John.

In this sentence, the form of the Verb shows that the person denoted by the Subject does something.

Tom (the person denoted by the Subject) does something.

The Verb helps is, therefore, said to be in the Active Voice.

The Active Voice is so called because the person denoted by the Subject acts.

3. A verb is in the Passive Voice when its form shows that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the Subject.

John is helped by Tom.

In this sentence, the form of the Verb shows that something is done to the

person denoted by the Subject.

Something is done to John (the person denoted by the Subject).

The Verb is helped is, therefore, said to be in the Passive Voice.

The Passive Voice is so called because the person or thing denoted by the Subject is not Active but Passive, that is, suffers or receives some action.

4. When a sentence is changed from the Active form to the Passive, the Object evity to the Active Verb becomes the Subject to the Passive Verb. Note this change stor in the following sentences :

Object to Active Verb	Subject to Passive Verb
1. Sita loves Savitri.	1. Savitri is loved by Sita.
2. The mason is building the wall.	2. The wall is being built by the mason.
3. The peon opened the gate. Some boys	3. The gate was opened by the peon.
4. Some boys were helping the aur wounded man.	4. The wounded man was being helped by some boys.
5. He will finish the work in a fortnight.	5. The work will be finished a fortnight.
6. Who did this ?	6. By whom was this done ?
7. Why did your brother write such a letter ?	7. Why was such a letter written by your brother ?

[In sentence 1]. Savitri which is the Object of loves in the Active Voice, becomes, the Subject of is loved in the Passive Voice.

5. Since the Object of a verb in the active voice becomes the Subject in the passive form, it follows that only Transitive Verbs can be used in the Passive Voice.

6. The Active Voice is used when the doer (or the Subject) is to be made prominent. The Passive Voice is used when the person or thing acted upon (or the Object) is to be made prominent.

The Passive Voice is, therefore, generally preferred when the active form would involve the use of an unknown or vague pronoun or noun (somebody, they, people, we, one, etc.) as the subject; as—

1. My book has been stolen. (Somebody has stolen my book.)

2. He was asked his name. (They asked him his name.)

3. English is spoken all over the world. (People speak English all over the world).

4. She has been invited to the party. (Someone has invited her to the party.)

5. Duty must be done. party. (One must do one’s duty.)

In such cases, the agent with by is usually avoided.

7. The agent of a verb in the Passive Voice should be avoided when—

(1) it is understood from the rest of the sentence; as socks ar as—

There was a loud explosion, and all the windows were shattered.

(Here by the explosion’ is understood.)

(2) we can infer it; as—

The thief has been arrested.

(Here we infer that the arrest was made by the police.)

(3) the agent is of no interest to us; as—The wine has been diluted.

(Here we are not interested in who diluted it, but merely in the fact of ardd boboits having been diluted.)

Note, however, that the by-phrase cannot be avoided where the agent has psd some importance and is necessary to complete the sense.

8. Verbs which take two objects (i.e. Direct and Indirect) after them in the Active Voice, can use either of the two as a subject of the Passive verb and retain the other as the object.

Active	Passive
1. The gatekeeper refused him admittance.	Admittance was refused him (to him) by the gatekeeper. He was refused admittance by the gatekeeper.
2. Mr. Robert teaches us grammar.	Grammar is a taught us (to us) by Mr. Robert. We are taught grammar by Mr. Robert.
3. The manager will give you a ticket.	A ticket will be given you (to you) by the manager. you will be given a ticket by the manager.
4. Who taught you French ?	By whom was French taught (to you) ? By whom were you taught French ?
5. He handed a chair.	A chair was handed her (to her). She was handed a chair.

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JKBOSE 9th Class English Grammar Passive Voice