PB 9th Computer Science 

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 7 E-Governance

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PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Computer Science Chapter 7 E-Governance

PSEB 9th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 E-Governance

INTRODUCTION

Governance encompasses the system by which an organisation is controlled and operates and the mechanisms by which it and its people are held to account. Ethics, risk management, compliance and administration are all elements of governance. Governance means the process of decision-making and their implementation within an institution. This institution is generally a nation. Various actors are involved in governance. Government is one of the actors in governance. Other actors involved in governance vary depending on the level of government.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

Following are some of the important characteristics of a Good Governance :
  1. Good governance is answerable to the community, for its decisions.
  2. Good governance is transparent. It means that people are able to see how and why a decision was made.
  3. Good governance follows the rule of law..
  4. Good governance always tries to serve the needs of the entire community timely and appropriately.
  5. Good governance is effective and efficient in implementing decisions.
  6. Good governance follows processes that make the best use of the available people, resources and produce.
  7. Good governance is participatory.

WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE ?

E-Governance stands for Electronic Governance.
Electronic governance or e-governance can be defined as the usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the government to provide and facilitate government services, exchange of information, communication transactions and integration of various stand alone systems and services.
In other words, it is the use of technology to perform government activities and achieve the objectives of governance. Government provides various types of services online to its citizens at their door step in e-governance. E- Governance has made the working of government more efficient and more transparent to its citizens.
Success or failure of any government depends on following major factors :
(i) The way the government works.
(ii) Transparency in its working and information.
(iii) Communication to its citizen.
Government makes use of information technology to communicate and provide information to citizens and businesses in E-Governance.
There are four pillars of E-Governance :
  1. Connectivity: Connectivity means continuous connection of the people to the services of the government.
  2. Knowledge: Knowledge means IT knowledge.
  3. Data Content: Government maintains its database which should have the data related to government services.
  4. Capital Capital refers to the investment made by government to provide their services.

GOVERNANCE VS E-GOVERNANCE

The differences between governance and e-governance can be seen from following points :
GOVERNANCE E-GOVERNANCE
1. Governance refers to the process of decision-making and their implementation. 1. E-Governance refers to the use of ICT in the process of decisionmaking and their implementation in an effective manner.
2. It uses one-way communication protocol. 2. It uses two-way communication protocol.
3. The main focus is on system. 3. The main focus is on functionality.
4. It needs more time and energy to work. 4. It needs less time and energy to work.
5. Always have fear due to delay in work. 5. There are less chances of delay in work.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF E-GOVERNANCE

E-Governance originated in India during the 1970s with a focus on in-house government applications in the areas of defence, economic monitoring, planning and deployment of ICT to manage data intensive functions related to elections, census, tax administration etc. All the district headquarters were connected during the eighties with the efforts of the National Informatics Center (NIC). Since then e-governance has used IT for wider sectoral applications with emphasis on reaching out to rural areas.
In earlier days, a citizen and the government talks in a government office. But with the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies, work culture of government offices have changed. Information and Communication Technologies has located service centers near to clients.
Public traditionally look for information and services addressing his/her needs. In e-governance quality and efficiency are of great importance. The establishment of e-Governance requires a good knowledge of the needs that exist in the society and that can be offered using ICT.

OBJECTIVES OF E-GOVERNANCE

The objectives of e-governance are similar to the objectives of good governance.
The Main Objectives of E- Governance are :
  1. To satisfactorily fulfill the public’s needs and expectations by simplifying their interaction with various online services.
  2. To facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities.

E-GOVERNANCE MODELS

The four models of e-governance are as :
1. Government to Citizens (G2C)
2. Government to Businessmen (G2B)
3. Government to Employees (G2E)
4. Government to Government (G2G)
  1. Government to Citizens (G2C): G2C model refers to the government services which are shared by citizens. The Government-to-Citizen mentions the government services that are acquired by the familiar people. Citizens visit the government official web-portals for accessing various types of services. This model strengthens the bond between government and its citizens. Following type of services which are provided by this model includes:
    1. Payment of online bills such as electricity, water, telephone bills etc.
    2. Online registration of applications for different services like passport registration, applying various types of licenses.
    3. Copies of land-record.
    4. Online filing of complaints.
    5. Availability of any kind of online information.
  2. Government to Businessmen (G2B): Government-to-Businessmen (G2B) is a relationship between businesses and government, where government agencies of various levels provide services or information to a business entity via government portals or with the help of other IT solutions. Through G2B links between private sector and government are strengthened. It is used by businessmen to communicate to the government. Following type of services are provided by this model :
    1. Collection of taxes.
    2. Rejection and approval of patents.
    3. Payment of all kind of bills and penalties.
    4. Sharing of all kind of information, rules and data.
    5. Complaints or any kind of dissatisfaction can be logged.
  3. Government to Employees (G2E): Using Government-to-Employees (abbreviated G2E) allows governments and their employees to communicate via instantaneous communication methods online. G2E model increases the transparency between government and its employees. Here, employee can keep a check on the functioning and working of government or vice-versa. Activities of this model includes:
    1. All kind of data submission (salary, attendance record, employee record etc.) from various government offices.
    2. Employees can file all kinds of complaints.
    3. Employees can access any kind of rule, regulation and information.
    4. Employees can check their payment and working record.
    5. Employees can send all kind of online applications.
  4. Government to Government (G2G): Government to Government (G2G) is the electronic sharing of data and/or information systems between government agencies, departments or organizations. G2G model refers to the services which are shared between the governments. These type of services or information includes:
    1. Sharing of information between police department of various states.
    2. Exchange of government documents including preparation, approval, distribution and storage of all governmental documents.
    3. Most of the finance and budget related activities.

SERVICES OF E-GOVERNANCE 

E-Governance services are provided by the center, state and local governments. From urban areas to rural areas, e-Governance has spread its roots. The activities can be understood at national, state and local level.

E-Governance Services at National Level

E-Governance services at national level are provided by Center Government. Some of the important e-governance services at national level are : .
  1. Banking Services
  2. Aadhar Services.
  3. Passport Services.
  4. Immigration and Visa Services.
  5. Filing of Income Tax Returns.
  6. Payment of various types of Taxes.
  7. Central Excise and Custom Services.
  8. Digital Land Management Systems.
  9. Voter Card Services.
  10. PAN Card Services.
  11. Digital India Initiative.
  12. National Portal of India.
  13. Conducting various types of Online Entrance Tests by National Testing Agency (NTA).
Various Projects at National Level
  1. IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Cooperation Ltd.) offers online rail ticket booking and checking of ticket reservation status.
  2. E-Pramaan is a National E-Authentication Service which provides a simple, convenient and secure way for the users to access government services via internet/mobile as well as for the government to assess the authenticity of the users.
  3. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) is a common, unified platform, aggregating major government services (of Center, States, local bodies), including important utility services, to facilitate single point access through mobile app anytime and anywhere.
  4. DigiLocker is an Initiative of Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) under Digital India programme. Targeted at the idea of paperless governance. DigiLocker is a platform for issuance and verification of documents and certificates in a digital way, thus eliminating the use of physical documents.

E-Governance Services at State Level

E-Governance services at state level are provided by State Governments. In Punjab, Punjab Government has established a society named Punjab State E-Governance Society (PSEGS) for this purpose. Its primary objective is to set up the necessary administrative, financial, legal and technical framework, implementation of mechanism and resources.
Some of the main E-governance services at state level are :
  1. E-District services such as licenses, complaints, electricity and water bill payments, birth/death/caste/income certificates etc.
  2. Agriculture services like providing information on quality pesticides, seeds, soil, health, market prices etc.
  3. Commercial Taxes services like sale tax, development tax etc.
  4. CCTNS-Police is an initiative in the department of Police to increase awareness of various laws among public.
  5. Land Record service includes e-registries, e-fard, e-stamping etc.
  6. Road Transport service is related to the management of state highway projects.
  7. Employment Exchange service includes employment assistance to both employers and unemployed candidates.
Various Projects at State Level 
  1. HRTC (Himachal Road Transport Corporation project) is for online bookings, cancellation of seats, for enquiry about departure of buses, availability of seats and buses etc.
  2. SAMPARK by Chandigarh government.
  3. E-Suvidha by the government of Uttar Pradesh.
  4. E-SEVA (Electronic Seva) by Andhra Pradesh.
  5. E-Mitra by the Government of Rajasthan.

E-Governance Services at Local Level

E-Governance at local level in a state may refer to the services provided by local bodies in rural and urban areas. In urban areas, these services are provided through Municipal Corporations and Municipal Councils. In rural areas, these services are provided through Panchayats. All these services in rural and urban areas are controlled as per State and Center guidelines.
Some of the main E-governance services at local level are :

1. A. E-Governance Services in Urban Areas

  1. House Tax Assessment, Billing and Collection.
  2. Maintaining records of Land and Property.
  3. Certificates like Land Sale Permission, Legal Heir Certificate.
  4. Issue of Passport Verification Certificate.
  5. Issue of Birth or Death Certificates.
  6. Registration and Attorneys of properties such as computerization of the document registration work at Sub Registrar Office.
  7. Provide services such as issuance of certificates, issuance of orders in respect of Social Security Schemes such as old age pension, widow pension, freedom fighter pension etc.
  8. Review and approval authority for site plans.
Various Projects in this area
SDO Suite by Assam government.

2. B. E-Governance Services in Rural Areas

  1. Conducting various welfare schemes for the poor and needy sections of the society.
  2. To provide wage employment to the needy from amongst the poorest section of the rural society.
  3. Rural water supply and sanitation.
Various Projects in this Area
  1. E-Gram Viswa Gram Project by Gujarat.
  2. Rural Digital Services.

Computer Guide for Class 9 PSEB E-Governance Textbook Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

1. Which is/are the levels of E-Governance ?
(A) National Level
(B) State Level
(C) Local Level
(D) All of the above.
Ans. (D) All of the above.
2. Which of the following is not a pillar of E-Governance ?
(A) Capital
(B) Knowledge
(C) Delay in Work
(D) Connectivity.
Ans. (C) Delay in Work
3. E-Governance services can be shared between Government and ………….. .
(A) Citizens
(B) Government
(C) Businessmen
(D) All of these.
Ans. (D) All of these.
4. ……………. model of e-governance refers to the government services which are shared by citizens. 
(A) G2B
(B) G2E
(C) G2G
(D) G2C.
Ans. (D) G2C.
5. E-governance services at National level are provided by ……………. Government of India.
(A) Local
(B) State
(C) National
(D) All of these.
Ans. (C) National

Write the Full Forms of the Following:

1. G2C
Ans. Government to Citizens
2. G2G
Ans. Government to Government
3. G2E
Ans. Government to Employees
4. G2B
Ans. Government to Businessmen
5. IRCTC.
Ans. Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation

Short Answer Type Questions :

Q. 1. Define Good Governance.
Ans. Good governance is the process of making and implementing decisions in a preferred way.
Q. 2. What are the different levels of E-Governance ?
Ans. The levels of E-Governance are :
(i) National Level
(ii) State Level
(iii) Local Level.
Q. 3. Write the name of four Pillars of E-Governance.
Ans. The four pillars of E-Governance are:
1. Connectivity,
2. Knowledge,
3. Data Contents and
4. Capital.
Q. 4. Differentiate Governance Vs. E-Governance.
Ans. The difference between governance and e-governance can be seen from ahead points:
GOVERNANCE E-GOVERNANCE
1. Governance refers to the process of decision-making and their implementation. 1. E-Governance refers to the use of ICT in the process of decisionmaking and their implementation in an effective manner.
2. It uses one-way communication protocol. 2. It uses two-way communication protocol.
3. The main focus is on system. 3. The main focus is on functionality.
4. It needs more time and energy to work. 4. It needs less time and energy to work..
5. Always have fear due to delay in work. 5. There are less chances of delay in work.
Q. 5. Write about the G2C model of E-Governance.
Ans. G2C model refers to the government services which are shared to citizens. The Government-to-Citizen mentions the government services that are acquired by the familiar people. Citizens visit the government official web-portals for accessing various types of services.

Long Answer Type Questions :

Q. 1. Write the main characteristics of Good Governance.
Ans. Following are some of the important characteristics of a Good Governance :
  1. Good governance is answerable to the community, for its decisions.
  2. Good governance is transparent. It means that people are able to see how and why a decision was made.
  3. Good governance follows the rule of law.
  4. Good governance always tries to serve the needs of the entire community timely and appropriately.
  5. Good governance is effective and efficient in implementing decisions.
  6. Good governance follows processes that make the best use of the available people, resources and produce.
  7. Good governance is participatory.
Q. 2. What is E-Governance ? Explain the four models of E-Governance.
Ans. Governance means the process of decision-making and their implementation within an institution. This institution is generally a nation. Various actors are involved in governance. Government is one of the actors in governance. Other actors involved in governance vary depending on the level of government.

E-GOVERNANCE MODELS

  1. Government to Citizens (G2C): G2C model refers to the government services which are shared by citizens. The Government-to-citizen mentions the government services that are acquired by the familiar people. Citizens visit the government official web-portals for accessing various types of services. This model strengthens the bond between government and its citizens.
  2. Government to Businessmen (G2B): Government-to-Businessmen (G2B) is a relationship between businesses and government, where government agencies of various levels provide services or information to a business entity via government portals or with the help of other IT solutions. Through G2B links between private sector and government are strengthened. It is used by businessmen to communicate to the government.
  3. Government to Employees (G2E): Using government-to-employees (abbreviated G2E) allows governments and their employees to communicate via instantaneous communication methods online. G2E model increases the transparency between government and its employees. Here, employee can keep a check on the functioning and working of government or vice-versa.
  4. Government to Government (G2G): Government to Government (G2G) is the electronic sharing of data and/or information systems between government agencies, departments or organizations. G2G model refers to the services which are shared between the governments. T
Q. 3. Make a list of various services provided at National level of E-Governance.
Ans. E-Governance services at national level are provided by Center Government. Some of the important e-governance services at national level are :
  1. Banking Services.
  2. Aadhar Services.
  3. Passport Services.
  4. Immigration and Visa Services.
  5. Filing of Income Tax Returns.
  6. Payment of various types of Taxes.
  7. Central Excise and Custom Services.
  8. Digital Land Management Systems.
  9. Voter Card Services.
  10. PAN Card Services.
  11. Digital India initiative.
  12. National Portal of India.
  13. Conducting various types of online Entrance Tests by National Testing Agency (NTA).
Q. 4. What are the E-Governance Services in the Urban Areas ?
Ans. E-governance services in urban areas are :
  1. House Tax Assessment, Billing and Collection.
  2. Maintaining records of Land and Property. C.TA
  3. Certificates like Land Sale Permission, Legal Heir Certificate.
  4. Issue of Passport Verification Certificate.
  5. Issue of Birth or Death Certificates.
  6. Registration and Attorneys of properties such as computerization of the document registration work at Sub Registrar Office.
  7. Provide services such as issuance of certificates, issuance of orders in respect of Social Security Schemes such as old age pension, widow pension, freedom fighter pension etc.
  8. Review and approval authority for site plans.

PSEB 9th Class Computer Guide E-Governance Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks :

1. G2C stands for …………………….. .
(A) Government to cooperation
(B) Grievances to Cooperation
(C) Government to citizen
(D) None of these.
Ans. (C) Government to citizen
2. G2G stands for …………………….. .
(A) Government to Government
(B) Get to Go
(C) Gather to Go
(D) None of these.
Ans. (A) Government to Government
3. G2E stands for ………………………… .
(A) Grievance to employee
(B) Government to employee
(C) Government to environment
(D) None of these.
Ans. (B) Government to employee
4. G2B stands for ……………………… .
(A) Government to Banks
(B) Government to Businessmen
(C) Government to Business
(D) None of these.
Ans. (B) Government to Businessmen
5. IRCTC stands for …………………….. .
(A) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Cooperation Ltd.
(B) Indian Runway Catering and Tourism Cooperation Ltd.
(C) Indian Railway Catering and Travelling Cooperation Ltd.
(D) Indian Railway Cargo and Tourism Cooperation Ltd.
Ans. (A) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Cooperation Ltd.
6. ………………. means government to employees.
(A) G2L
(B) G2G
(C) G2E
(D) G2B.
Ans. (C) G2E
7. E-governance has ……………… main objectives.
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5.
Ans. (A) 2
8. ……………….. do work of e-governance in urban areas.
(A) Transportation
(B) Municipal Corporation
(C) Road Safety
(D) All of above.
Ans. (B) Municipal Corporation
9. …………….. do work of e-governance in rural area.
(A) Health
(B) Panchayat
(C) Agriculture
(D) Municipal Corporation.
Ans. (B) Panchayat

Short Answer Type Questions :

Q. 1. What is E-governance ?
Ans. The governance is a framework which is developed with combination of man and machine. The implementation of any e- governance services requires advance technology infrastructure like for web based application require dedicated server and user friendly web interface.
Q. 2. What are the two main objectives of e-governance ?
Ans. (i) To satisfactorily fulfil the public’s needs and expectations by simplifying their interaction with various online services.
(ii) To facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities.
Q. 3. Write the area of E-governance in urban.
Ans. The area of E-Governances in urban are in transportation, railway, information and public relation key services, roads and traffic management etc.
Q. 4. Write the area of E-governance in rural.
Ans. E- Governance in rural areas are in the field of agriculture, local information, disaster management, land record management and panchayat etc.

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